基于“三温模型”的风沙采煤沉陷区柠条锦鸡儿灌丛蒸腾特征研究

Transpiration Characteristics of Caragana Korshinskii Shrub in Coal Mining Subsidence Area Based on"Three-temperature Model"

长期以来,由于条件限制,野外条件下观测荒漠植物蒸腾十分困难。以毛乌素沙地采煤沉陷区柠条锦鸡儿(Caragana korshinskii)灌丛为研究对象,尝试采用“三温模型+热红外遥感”方法观测柠条锦鸡儿灌丛蒸腾速率及其影响因素,为观测植物蒸腾作用提供可靠的手段和思路。结果表明:①气温(T_(a))、太阳辐射(R_(s))和风速(V_(s))随测定时间呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,且在13∶00达到最大值;相对空气湿度(R_(h))则与之相反。②观测期内,柠条锦鸡儿灌丛日最大蒸腾速率可达0.71 mm/h,日蒸腾量可达4.6 mm。③太阳辐射和风速是显著影响毛乌素采煤沉陷区柠条灌丛蒸腾速率的主要气象因子。与传统监测方法相比,利用“三温模型+热红外遥感”非接触式、无损伤性测定柠条蒸腾速率具有可行性,准确度较高。研究结果可为采煤沉陷区修复植被适宜树种的筛选及水分管理提供方法学借鉴,同时为矿山恢复治理效果快速评估提供了一种技术思路。

For a long time,it has been very difficult to observe transpiration of desert plants under field conditions due to limitations.In this study,the transpiration rate and its influencing factors of Caragana korshinskii shrubs were systematically observed using"three-temperature model and thermal infrared remote sensing"methods.The field experiment was carried out in the coal mining subsidence area in Mu Us sandy land.It provided a reliable means and ideas for observing plant transpiration.The results showed that:①Temperature(T_(a)),solar radiation(R_(s))and wind speed(V_(s))increased first and then decreased with the time,and reached the maximum at 13∶00.The relative air humidity(R_(h))is opposite.②The transpiration rate was observed by the method of"three-temperature model and thermal infrared remote sensing"and the main influencing factors were analyzed.The results showed that the transpiration rate of Caragana korshinskii with a daily maximum of 0.71 mm/h,and a daily transpiration of 4.6 mm.③Solar radiation and wind speed were the main meteorological factors that significantly affected the transpiration rate of Caragana korshinskii shrubs in Mu Us mining subsidence area.The comparison between the calculation results and the traditional method shows that it is feasible and accurate to use"three-temperature model and thermal infrared remote sensing"to determine the transpiration rate of Caragana korshinskii.The results provide a meaningful method and reference for the water management of plants in coal mining subsidence area and the determination of transpiration of desert shrubs,and provide a techmical idea for rapid evaluation of mine restoration and treatment effect.