大叶小檗种子和果实的形态观察与营养物质组分测定

Morphological Characters and Nutrient Components of Berberis amurensis Seeds and Fruits

为确定大叶小檗种子和果实中营养物质组分情况,采集河北省青龙县祖山地区野外自然生长的大叶小檗种子和果实,进行了形态观察并对组分进行了测定分析。结果表明:大叶小檗果实为红色浆果,呈椭圆形,表面有白粉,内含1~2粒种子。种子近似楔形,一端圆钝,一端尖锐,种皮棕褐色,长宽厚分别为6.12 mm,2.73 mm和1.78 mm,单粒质量17.7 mg,属中型种子。大叶小檗种子粗脂肪质量分数为166.9 mg/g,明显高于总糖(26.4 mg/g)、可溶性糖(23.7 mg/g)、蛋白质(1.2 mg/g)、游离氨基酸(0.6 mg/g)等其它营养物质。大叶小檗果实果肉中有机酸质量分数最高,其中酒石酸质量分数为25.3 mg/g,苹果酸质量分数为22.6 mg/g,明显高于总糖(17.0 mg/g)、单宁(3.2 mg/g)、赖氨酸(1.7 mg/g)、色氨酸(0.3 mg/g)、游离氨基酸(0.3 mg/g)、蛋白质(0.2 mg/g)、维生素C(0.04 mg/g)的质量分数,而SOD活性为610.6 U/g,是刺梨的1.12倍,同时还含有Ca,Mg,Fe,Mn,Zn等矿质元素,其中Ca最高,Mg次之。

The morphological characters and the chemical composition of the seed and fruit of Berberis amurensis collected on Zushan Mountain were studied.The fruit of Berberis amurensis was red,oval-shaped berry,with white powder on surface,containing 1-2 seeds.The seed was brown and wedge-shaped.The length,width and thickness of seed were 6.12 mm,2.73 mm and 1.78 mm,respectively.The single seed weight was 17.7 mg.The seed of Berberis amurensis was medium-sized seed.The content of crude fat was 166.9 mg/g,significantly higher than the total sugar(26.4 mg/g),water soluble sugar(23.7 mg/g),protein(1.2 mg/g)and free amino acids(0.6 mg/g)in the seed.The tartaric acid and malic acid were significantly higher than the total sugar(17.0 mg/g),tannins(3.2 mg/g),lysine(1.7 mg/g),tryptophan(0.3 mg/g),free amino acids(0.3 mg/g),protein(0.2 mg/g)and vitamin C(0.04 mg/g)in the fruit.The SOD activity was 610.6 U/g,which was 1.12 times that of Roxburgh.Berberis amurensis contained a variety of mineral elements such as Ca,Mg,Fe,Mn,Zn.Ca was the highest mineral element in the fruits of Berberis amurensis,followed by Mg.