走向多元平衡:组织变革视域下的德国博士生导学关系探析

Toward Multivariate Equilibrium:An Exploration of the Mentoring Relationship of German Doctoral Students from the Perspective of Organizational Change

20世纪80年代以来,德国博士研究生教育经历了由传统的师徒制向结构化的研究生院的变革,最终形成“一对一的师徒制为主,结构化研究生院为辅”的德国大学研究生教育组织结构。德国大学研究教育组织变革的过程实际上奏响了科研经济理性和“完人”育人本位的二重协奏曲,德国博士研究生导学关系就是这一协奏曲的华丽乐章。学术自由——宽严相济的工作关系、互敬互信——和谐亲密的情感关系、师导生创——灵魂碰撞的文化关系、亦父亦友——情理并重的伦理关系构成了德国博士生导学关系的四部曲。德国博士生导学关系的“四部曲”特征启示我国要在自主与管控、效率与温情、引导与创造、人本与理性这四个维度上构建多元平衡的博士生导学关系。

Since the 1980s,doctoral education in Germany has undergone a transformation from the traditional mentoring system to the structured“graduate school”,and finally formed the organizational structure of German universities with“one-to-one mentoring system as the main system and structured graduate school as the auxiliary system”.In fact,the process of organizational reform of German universities plays a double concerto of economic rationality of scientific research and educational standard of“perfect man”,and the guiding relationship of German doctoral students is the magnificent movement of this concerto.Academic freedom——the working relationship with“leniency and strictness”,mutual respect and trust——the harmonious and intimate emotional relationship,teacher guidance and student creation——the cultural relationship of soul collision,being like the father and friend as well——the ethical relationship with attaching importance to“sense and reason”,constitute the quartet of guiding relationship of doctorial students in Germany.On this basis,it is suggested that China should construct a multivariate and balanced doctoral guidance relationship from four dimensions:autonomy and control,efficiency and warmth,guidance and creation,humanism and rationality.