大学初任女教师发展的压力研究

Research on the Development of Initial Female Teachers in Universities

高等教育走向“质量时代”,教师发展成为热门研究议题,受到普遍的关注。本文通过对大学初任教师的相关文献分析,发现大学初任女教师的发展情况不甚乐观,面临很多压力和挑战。从压力来源来看,初任女教师发展面临的压力是多维度、多层次的,她们需要承受工作、家庭、社会等方面的压力,这些压力源内外交互作用,使大学初任女教师处于在夹缝生存的状态。就压力类型而言,划分方式多样,学界并未就此达成共识,大学初任女教师发展的压力类型主要可以分为生活压力、职业压力、心理压力和社会压力。当发展压力超出负荷之后,易使初任女教师产生工作满意度下降、激情消退、精神紧张乃至倦怠等不良后果。本研究对后续大学初任女教师发展的相关研究提出以下展望:增加比较研究视角,强化实证调查;拓展动态分析趋向,探索普遍规律;深化研究主题内容,探讨压力机制。

Higher education is moving towards the“quality era”,teacher’s development has developed into a hot research topic and received widespread attention.Through the analysis of the relevant literature on initial teachers in universities,this paper finds that the development of novice female teachers in universities is not optimistic and they face many pressures and challenges.From the point of view of pressure sources,the pressure of the development of initial female teachers is multi-dimensional and multi-level,they need to bear the pressure from work,family,society and so on,these pressure sources are internal and external interaction,which leads to female teachers in the university in the state of sandwich survival.As far as the type of stress,there are many ways to divide,the academic community has not agreed on its understanding,the development of novice female teachers in the university can be divided into life pressure,occupational pressure,and psychological pressure and social pressure.When the development pressure exceeds the load,it is easy to make initial female teachers have the negative consequences of job satisfaction decline,passion subside,mental stress and even burnout.Finally,the following three prospects are put forward for the follow-up research,namely,increase the perspective of comparative research,strengthen empirical investigation,expand the trend of dynamic analysis,explore the general law,deepen the subject content of the study,and explore the pressure mechanism.