高铁作业人员职业压力现状调查

Investigation on the Status Quo of Occupational Stress among High-speed Rail Operators

目的职工长期处于身心疲惫、精神紧张、工作倦怠等状态是铁路运输生产的巨大安全隐患。为分析高速铁路工作压力的情况,探讨工作压力源的状况和相关影响因素,开展此研究。方法整群抽取三个工区580名职工进行问卷调查,有效问卷555份。问卷采用推荐使用的铁路职工心理测评综合量表,包含症状自评量表、压力来源量表,并结合对线路工、接触网工、桥隧工、信号工四个工种24 h工作写实收集所得资料,编制基本信息表。结果高铁职工心理健康得分(85.29±24.23)分,社会健康得分(77.19±20.29)分,总体评估好于全路机车乘务员的(80.21±27.40)分及(72.40±22.11)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其中工龄11~20 a、信号工、不运动、不吃早餐的高铁职工心理健康得分和社会健康得分属于较低人群,而大学本科人群的社会健康得分偏低。压力来源主要是经济问题、身体健康、工作负荷及家庭问题。结论根据职工的主要压力源因素,提出大力倡导有规律运动、加强慢性病管理、提高职工的收入水平等有针对性措施,降低职工整体心理压力负荷。

Objective Studies have shown that the long-term state of physical and mental exhaustion,mental stress and burnout of employees is a huge safety hazard in railway transportation and production.This study was carried out to analyze the working pressure of high-speed railways and explore the status of working pressure sources and related influencing factors.Methods A cluster of 580 employees in three work areas was selected for questionnaire survey,and 555 valid questionnaires were received.The questionnaire adopts the recommended comprehensive scale for the psychological evaluation of railway workers,including the symptom self-rating scale and the stress source scale.Based on the data collected from the 24-hour work of the four types of line workers,catenary workers,bridge and tunnel workers and signal workers,the basic information table was compiled.Results The scores of mental health and social health of high-speed rail workers were(85.29±24.23)and(77.19±20.29)points,and the overall evaluation was higher than(80.21±27.40)and(72.40±22.11)points of all locomotive crews,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Among them,high-speed rail workers with 11 to 20 years of working experience,signal work,no exercise and no breakfast had lower mental and social health scores,while the social health scores of undergraduates were relatively low.The main sources of stress were financial problems,physical health,heavy workload and family problems.Conclusion According to the employee's main source of stress,measures such as vigorously advocating regular exercise,strengthening management of chronic disease and improving the income level of employees should be put forward to reduce the overall psychological stress load of employees.