紫菜机械化采收装备技术研究进展

Research progress of mechanized harvesting equipment and technology of laver

近年来,随着中国紫菜栽培工艺和技术的不断改进,紫菜栽培规模不断扩大,但落后的采收装备和劳动力结构性短缺等问题已成为制约中国紫菜栽培业进一步发展的主要因素。文章围绕中国紫菜规模化采收装备技术需求,介绍了现有的3种紫菜栽培方式以及采收特点,综述了泵吸式、剪切式以及打采式紫菜采收装备技术国内外研究进展,对比了各式采收装备技术的优缺点,分析了中国采收装备技术存在的机械结构理论设计水平低、配套设施简陋和装备集成度差等问题,提出了紫菜机械化采收装备应从紫菜生物力学特性研究、机械结构优化设计、采收装备系统集约化以及智能化等方面的发展对策。本研究旨在为中国紫菜机械化采收技术及装备研发提供参考。

In recent years,with the continuous improvement of Chinese laver cultivation technology and techniques,the scale of laver cultivation has been expanding,but the backward harvesting equipment and structural shortage of labor have become the main factors limiting the further development of the Chinese laver cultivation industry.The article introduces the three existing methods and harvesting characteristics of pumping type,shearing type,and rolling type laver harvesters with different principles and structures at home and abroad were reviewed,compares the advantages and disadvantages of various harvesting equipment technologies,analyzes the problems of low theoretical design level of mechanical structure,poor integration of supporting facilities and equipment in China's harvesting equipment technology,etc.The research on the biomechanical characteristics of the laver,the optimal design of the mechanical structure,the intensification of the harvesting equipment system,and intelligence are proposed as the countermeasures for the development of Chinese laver mechanized harvesting technology and equipment.