凝胶剂研究进展

Research progress of gels

凝胶剂具有载药量大、使用方便、皮肤的生物相容性好等诸多优点,成为一种极具市场潜力的经皮给药制剂,被广泛应用于医药以及化妆品相关领域。本文对凝胶剂的分类、制备工艺、释药机制、临床应用等多个方面进行综述,凝胶剂有多种分类方式,按基质类型可以分为亲水性凝胶、亲脂性凝胶与乳剂型凝胶;根据所受外界刺激的不同可以分为温度敏感型凝胶、pH敏感型凝胶和离子敏感型凝胶等。目前,凝胶剂的制备工艺仍采用“冷法”为主,即准确称取处方量的凝胶基质,加入适量蒸馏水与相关辅料,搅拌均匀,置于4℃冰箱内至完全溶解,充分溶胀后即得;凝胶剂的释药机制主要遵循Higuchi方程、零级释药方程和一级动力学方程等。

In recent years,gels as a new topical drug dosage forms with many advantages such as loading a large amount of drug,using conveniently and good skin compatibility,had become a percutaneous drug delivery preparation with great market potential.Gels was widely used in medical drugs and cosmetics engineering related fields.In this paper,the classification,preparation process,release mechanism and clinical application of gels were summarized.Gels could be classified in variety of ways.According to the matrix type,it could be divided into hydrophilic gel,lipophilic gel and emulsion type gel.According to the different external stimuli,it could be divided into temperature sensitive gel,pH sensitive gel and ion sensitive gel.At present,the preparation process of gel was still mainly using the “cold me-thod”.The prescribed amount of gel matrix was accurately weighed,the appropriate amount of distilled water and related auxiliary materials were added and stirred evenly.Then put in the 4℃ refrigerator until fully dissolved,the gel solution was obtained after sufficient swelling.The release mechanism of gels mainly included Higuchi equation,zero-order release equation and first-order kinetic equation,etc.