聚合物从表面接枝改性无机粒子的进展

Research Progress of Inorganic Particles Modification by Polymer Grafting from the Surface

无机粒子作为填料填充高分子材料能够起到增韧、增强作用,提高材料的综合性能,但无机粒子与高分子基体极性差异大,容易发生团聚,影响材料性能。因此,需要对无机粒子进行表面改性,降低其表面极性。虽然小分子改性剂能够降低无机粒子表面极性,解决其在高分子基体中的分散团聚问题,但是改性后粒子表面的有机链较短,与高分子基体的相互作用小,复合材料的综合性能提升效果不明显。聚合物从表面接枝(grafting from)改性无机粒子,得到长链聚合物接枝包覆的无机粒子,其与高分子基体分子链的缠绕更加紧密,界面相容性更好,可有效解决无机粒子在高分子基体中的分散性能较差和界面问题,显著提高了复合材料的综合性能。重点介绍了聚合物表面接枝改性无机粒子的研究,主要包括表面可聚合化合物的接枝聚合、粒子表面锚固引发剂引发接枝聚合、原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)、可逆加成-断裂链转移聚合(RAFT)等方法,并针对各方法存在的不足,提出了解决问题的思路。

Inorganic particles as fillers in polymer materials can play toughening and strengthening role to improve the comprehensive properties of materials.However,inorganic particles are easy to agglomerate in the polymer matrix due to the polarity difference between inorganic particles and polymer matrix,which affect the properties and quality of composite materials.Therefore,the surface modification of inorganic particles is needed to reduce the surface polarity of inorganic particles.Although the current small molecule modifiers can reduce the surface polarity of inorganic particles and solve the problem of dispersion and agglomeration in the polymer matrix,the organic chain on the surface of the modified particles are short and the interaction with the polymer matrix is small.Thus the comprehensive properties of the composite materials are not improved obviously.Polymers grafting from the surface of inorganic particles can obtain long-chain polymers graft-coated inorganic particles,which are more tightly entangled with the molecular chain of the polymer matrix and have better interface compatibility,it can effectively solve the dispersion and interface problems of inorganic particles in the polymer matrix,and also significantly improve the comprehensive properties of the composite materials.This article focuses on the researches of modification on the surface of inorganic particles by polymers grafting from.It mainly includes the grafting polymerization of surface polymerizable compounds on the particle surface,the particle surface anchoring initiator initiates the graft polymerization,the atom transfer radical polymerization method(ATRP),and reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization(RAFT).Finally,in view of the shortcomings in each method,some ideas for solving these problems are proposed.