“十四五”时期文物安全形势、问题与对策

The Situation, Problems and Countermeasures of the Safety of Cultural Relics during the 14th Five-Year Plan Period

党中央、国务院对全面加强文物安全工作提出新的更高要求,为解决长期以来文物安全管理存在的突出问题、改善文物安全状况、提高文物安全防护能力提供了重大机遇。当前,文物安全依然面临着文物法人违法、盗窃盗掘文物犯罪、文物火灾事故、违规施工、自然灾害和极端气候事件等诸多风险和挑战,存在着一些地方文物安全意识淡漠、安全责任落实不到位、安消防设施建设亟待加强、风险监测预警应急处置能力亟待提升等明显问题。防范化解文物安全风险,必须牢牢把握高质量发展主题,全面贯彻落实新发展理念,着力从加强党的全面领导,落实政府主体责任;加强文物法治建设,提升文物执法效力;加强部门协作,建立联合监管长效机制;加强安全设施建设,提高技术防范能力;加强科技支撑,全面提升文物安全预警防控能力等方面制定相应对策措施,夯实文物安全责任,筑牢文物安全底线。

The safety of cultural relics in current China still faces multiple risks and challenges including the offence conducted by the legal person of cultural relics, crimes of theft and illegal excavation, damages to cultural relics by fire, construction violation,natural hazards and extreme weather events.Problems remain for the safety management of cultural relics as follows.(1) The awareness of safety of cultural relics is low in some places and the responsibilities of the local government entity are not fully implemented.(2) The duty of supervision for the safety of cultural relics is not duly fulfilled and the examination and approval processes are not lawfully carried out in some places.(3)There are difficulties in law enforcement for cultural relics due to the incompleteness of standards for its supervision and accountability.(4) It is imperative to resolve the obvious problems in issues like the arrangement of firefighting equipment, risk monitoring and warning, and the ability of emergency response.Facing the new situation, to ensure the safety of cultural relics and to guard against possible hazards, we will have to stick to the theme of high quality development, fully implement the new development philosophy, and maintain the balance between development and security. We should think in terms of the rule of law and think about worst-case scenarios, and adhere to proactive approaches including taking prevention as the priority, combining crackdown and prevention together, and taking measures at the very source.Keeping question-oriented, we can implement targeted measures and push ahead solutions to problems systematically. Corresponding countermeasures should be formulated in the aspects such as fulfilling government entities’ responsibilities, strengthening the lawbased management of cultural relics and improving efficiency of law enforcement for heritage protection, intensifying the cooperation across sections and departments for a long-acting mechanism of joint supervision, constructing security facilities to raise the capacity of technical precaution, and taking corresponding measures to enhance the overall capacity of preventing hazards to cultural relics with more supports of technology, so that the management responsibility for the safety of cultural relics could be solidly fulfilled and precautions for its worst-case scenarios could be well taken.