北洋政府时期大学无序发展的制度演进及成因

The System Evolution and Causes Leading to Unregulated Development of Universities during the Period of Beiyang Government

北洋政府时期,大学的快速扩张导致了大学的无序发展。1917年《修正大学令》中单科大学制度的确立,为这一时期大学无序发展埋下了伏笔。其后,1922《壬戌学制》中专门学校和大学几乎无差别的规定,则导致了大学无序发展的全面形成。从成因上看,教育界著名人士在“学术分立”“学术平等”理想的推动下,要求高等教育仅保留大学、取消专门学校层次这一诉求是造成大学无序发展的客观原因;同时,制度实践中质量保障缺失则是大学无序发展的直接原因。高等教育发展中,适度地扩张是必要的,但如果取消多元化结构,超出高等教育与外部社会之间的适应性,大学扩张就可能走向无序发展。

During the period of Beiyang Government,with the rapid expansion of modern universities,the unregulated development of universities take place.In 1917,the formation of the Revised Decree of the University draws the foreshadowing of unregulated development of universities.After that,with the indifference rules between junior colleges and universities in the Renxu educational system,unregulated development of universities forms finally.From the formation of the system,The immediate cause is the system of single-subject universities and the indifference rules of between junior colleges and universities.Meanwhile,the objective cause is the lack of quality assurance system during the period of the university expansion campaign.During the development of higher education,it is necessary to expand for high education.However,if the multi-structure is called off and adaptability between University and external society is overshot,the development can turn to unregulation.