我国传统家庭教育的私人性与公共性

On the Privacy and Publicity of Family Education in China

“家国天下”的文化格局决定了我国家庭教育具有一定的公共性,但这种公共性不是一贯的。家庭教育公共性的标识在于其内容和目的。通过历史梳理,魏晋南北朝时期,家庭教育的内容和目的都有较强的私人性偏向;宋至清中期,家庭教育在内容上具有一定公共性偏向,在目的上兼具私人性和公共性;晚清至民国,家庭教育在内容上有明显的私人性偏向,在目的上则游离于公共性和私人性。家庭教育的私人性或公共性偏向,主要原因在于学校教育制度是否是社会流动的重要途径,以及家国关系是否和谐同构。社会支持应当从内容和目的上提升家庭教育公共性。

Family education refers to the education and influence on the younger generation in the family environment.The cultural pattern of“families,nation and the world”determines that family education in China entertains certain publicity which is,however,not consistent.Through historical analysis,the content and purpose of family education in the period of Wei,Jin,Southern and Northern Dynasties demonstrated relatively strong private inclination.From the Song Dynasty to the middle of Qing Dynasty,family education became more public in content but both private and public in purposes.From the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China,family education showed obvious signs of privacy in content and still somewhat private in purposes.The main reason for the tendency towards private or public family education lies in whether the school education system constitutes the main approach of social mobility and whether the relationship between families and the country is harmonious and coordinated.Social support should promote the publicity of family education in terms of content and purpose.