自走式蔬菜精量播种施肥系统设计与试验

Design and experiment of self-propelled precision sowing and fertilizing control system for vegetables

针对当前蔬菜播种施肥作业质量较差现状,提出一种四驱轮式自走播种施肥一体化作业模式,根据底盘高度调节,精量排种、排肥和播种肥协同作业和轮式自走式功能需求,以PLC控制器为核心,分别设计精量排种、排肥和播种肥联动控制、播深智能调控和轮式四驱行走系统,构建行进速度与作业转速关系模型,并开发触摸屏操控系统,最终,集成研发自走式蔬菜精量播种施肥系统。系统性能试验结果表明:该机排肥精度达到0.1 g。设定种距150 mm,试验结果显示检测种距均值与预设值之间误差为2.7%~6.5%;设定播种肥深度为30 mm,试验结果显示检测深度均值与预设值误差为12.7%~16%。

Aiming at the current poor quality of vegetable sowing and fertilization,a wheeled self-propelled sowing and fertilization integrated operation mode was put forward in this paper.According to functional requirements of the chassis height adjustment,precision seed metering,fertilizer and sowing fertilizer collaborative operation and wheeled self-propelled,PLC microcontroller was taken as the core,and systems of the precision sowing and fertilizing linkage control,intelligent sowing depth control and wheeled four-wheel drive walking were designed respectively,and the relationship model between forward operation speed and forward operation speed was established.Then,the touch-screen control system was also developed.Finally,the self-propelled vegetable precision sowing and fertilizing control system were integrated and developed.Further,the system performance test was carried out,and the results show that the fertilizer discharge accuracy of the machine reaches 0.1 g.Setting the seed distance to 150 mm,the test results show that the error between the average value of the detected seed distance and the preset value is 2.7%-6.5%;Setting the depth of sowing fertilizer to 30 mm,the test results show that the error between the average value of the detection depth and the preset value is 12.7%-16%.