太行山东部县域“三生”用地转型与景观生态风险分析--以河北省平山县为例

Analysis of“Production-Living-Ecological”land transformation and landscape ecological risk in the eastern counties of the Taihang Mountain:a case study in Pingshan County

太行山是京津冀地区的天然生态屏障,评估太行山区生态风险对于保障其生态功能的发挥及保障京津冀生产、生活与生态(三生)用水安全具有极其重要的生态战略意义。本文以河北省平山县为研究对象,建立太行山区县域“三生”空间利用分类系统,在ERDAS IMAGINE 9.2、ArcGIS 10.2和Fragstats 3.4软件支持下,探讨平山县“三生”用地转型特征,采用景观生态风险评价方法分析平山县“三生”用地生态风险,并对“三生”用地转型对生态风险的贡献率进行了测算。结果表明:1)1990-2018年,平山县生态用地大幅减少,生产用地与生活用地增幅显著。增加的生产与生活用地主要来自生态用地,转型区域主要分布在道路沿线与水域周边。2)生态空间的风险加剧区位于县中西部高海拔区,未来应科学划定生态保护红线及加强深山区生态保护;生产空间的风险加剧区位于县北部及东部的低山丘陵区,未来应更关注耕地保护及其高效利用;生活空间风险加剧区主要位于县南部,未来应调整国土资源利用方式、科学规划旅游资源布局。3)平山县乡镇单元“三生”用地转型对生态风险的贡献差异性较大(0~29.97%),对生态风险贡献最大的用地转型为“生态用地转为生产用地”。研究结果可为促进平山县“三生”用地协调发展提供参考,为探索太行山区绿色发展与国土空间结构优化提供借鉴。

The Taihang Mountain is the natural ecological barrier of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. It is strategically important to assess risk to the Taihang Mountain ecology to ensure water security and assess its ecological function in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. This study established a classification system for the “Production-Living-Ecological” space land, and explored the characteristics of the “Production-Living-Ecological” land transformation in Pingshan County, a typical county in the Taihang Mountain. The landscape ecological risks in Pingshan County were explored using the landscape ecological risk evaluation method, and the contribution of land use transformation to the change in landscape ecological risk was measured. The results showed that: 1) from 1990 to2018, the ecological land in Pingshan County decreased significantly, whereas the production and living lands increased significantly.The production and living lands were mainly transformed from ecological land, and the transformation areas were mainly distributed along the road and around the water area. 2) Areas with escalated landscape ecological risk in ecological land were mainly located in high-altitude areas in the central and western parts of the study area, and it is necessary to scientifically delineate the ecological protection redline and strengthen the ecological protection of these deep mountain areas in the future. Areas with escalated landscape ecological risks in production land were mainly located in the low mountains and hilly areas in the northern and eastern parts of the study area, where more attention should be paid to the protection and efficient use of cultivated land in the future. In contrast, the areas with escalated risk in living land were mainly located in the southern part of the study area, where the utilization of land resources should be adjusted, and the use of tourism resources should be scientifically planned in the future. 3) The contribution of land use transformation types to the change of landscape ecological risk in the Pingshan County varied greatly(0-29.97%), among which the risk of “transformation from ecological land to production land” made the greatest contribution. The results of this study can provide valuable reference information for promoting the coordinated development of the “Production-Living-Ecological” land use in Pingshan County and exploring green development and optimization of land space structure in the Taihang Mountain.