水下爆炸声学效应研究现状与展望

Progress and Prospect of the Acoustic Effects of Underwater Explosions

水下爆炸声源具有功率高、频带宽、无指向性等特点,在海洋资源探测、水文环境反演、水下微小隐身目标探测和水声对抗干扰等领域有着广泛的应用前景。文中综述了水下爆炸声源特征中冲击波及理想气泡脉冲的声辐射机理,分析了声场模型中用于描述水下爆炸声源传播和混响效应的水声传播模型与混响模型,总结了水下爆炸声源的典型信号分析方法及其声学特性,并结合水下爆炸声源的特点介绍了相关的典型工程应用。最后,展望了水下爆炸声学效应研究在高能炸药材料水下爆炸的能量转换机制和致声机理、声混响强度预报、阵列多脉冲爆炸声源工程应用等方面的发展趋势,为水下爆炸声学效应的进一步研究提供参考。

Sound sources generated by underwater explosions exhibit the characteristics of high power,wide frequency band,and nondirectivity and are applicable to marine resource detection,hydrological environment inversion,underwater small stealthy target detection,and underwater acoustic countermeasures.Herein,information on the acoustic radiation mechanisms of two features of sound sources,namely,shock waves and ideal bubble pulses,are summarized.Underwater acoustic propagation and reverberation models used to describe the propagation and reverberation effect of the underwater explosion sound sources in the acoustic field model are analyzed;additionally,an overview of typical signal analysis methods and the acoustic characteristics of the sound sources is presented.In addition to the characteristics of the sound sources,typical engineering applications of underwater explosions are introduced.Finally,some future developments of investigations pertaining to the acoustic effects of underwater explosions based on high-explosive materials,the reverberation prediction of explosions,and the engineering applications of sound sources generated by arrays of multipulse explosions are presented.This review can serve as a reference for future studies related to the acoustic effects of underwater explosions.