增材制造——面向航空航天制造的变革性技术

Additive manufacturing——Revolutionary technology for leading aerospace manufacturing

增材制造技术在航空航天应用方面具有单件小批量的复杂结构快速制造优势,未来将向着设计、材料和成形一体化方向发展。分析了增材制造在航空航天领域应用发展的3个层面,以航空发动机涡轮叶片增材制造、高性能聚醚醚酮(PEEK)及其复合材料、连续纤维增强树脂复合材料及太空3D打印为主题,介绍了增材制造技术国内外以及西安交通大学的研究状况。涡轮叶片应用增材制造工艺可以有效提高效率降低成本,未来向高性能的高温合金和陶瓷基复合材料增材制造技术发展。高性能轻质聚合物PEEK及其复合材料增材制造在高力学性能结构件、吸波功能件的成形中得到应用,将改变现有的设计与材料,推动结构与功能一体化发展。连续纤维复合材料增材制造将带动无模具纤维复合材料成形的新发展,在太空3D打印将改变未来航空航天制造模式。增材制造技术将给航空航天制造技术带来变革性发展。

The additive manufacturing technology has the advantage of rapid manufacturing of single-piece and small-batch complex structures used in aerospace applications,and integration of design,materials and manufacturing will be the direction for its future development.This paper analyzes three aspects of application and development of additive manufacturing in the field of aerospace,focusing on the manufacturing of aero-engine turbine blades,high-performance Poly-Ether-Ether-Ketone(PEEK)and its composites,continuous fiber reinforced resin composites,and space 3D printing.The research status of additive manufacturing technology at home and abroad and in Xi’an Jiaotong University is also introduced.The application of additive manufacturing technology for turbine blades can effectively improve the manufacturing efficiency and reduce costs.In the future,this technology can meet the manufacturing of high-performance superalloy and ceramic matrix composite blades.The additive manufacturing of high-performance lightweight polymer PEEK and its composites are applied in forming of structure parts with high mechanical properties and radio absorbing functional parts,which will change the existing design and materials and promote the integrated development of structure and function.The additive manufacturing of continuous fiber reinforced resin composites will drive the new development of forming of moldless fiber composites,and 3D printing in space will change the aerospace manufacturing model in the future.The additive manufacturing technology will revolutionize the aerospace manufacturing technology.