增材制造复杂金属构件表面抛光技术

Surface polishing technology for additive manufacturing of complex metal components

增材制造可以满足航空航天领域对零件的高复杂性、高性能、轻量化以及多功能化的要求,但其制造复杂金属零件时在综合性能、表面质量和成形精度上仍然存在不足,必须经过表面抛光处理才能达到航空航天零件高使役性要求。通过综合国内外文献资料,详细介绍了化学抛光、电解抛光、磨粒流抛光和激光抛光这4种可达性较强的表面抛光技术的原理方法以及应用现状,接着分析了增材制造技术和表面抛光技术的发展趋势,最后进行了总结和展望。提出增材制造与表面抛光工艺相结合的工艺优化思想,并指出研制绿色智能的一体化技术装备是当前面临的重大挑战。

Additive manufacturing can meet the requirements of high complexity,high performance,light weight and multi-function of parts in the aerospace field.However,when manufacturing complex metal parts,it still has the shortcomings in terms of comprehensive performance,surface quality and forming accuracy,and the metal parts after additive manufacturing must be finished to meet the requirements of high use performance of aerospace parts.The principles,methods and application status of four highly accessible polishing technologies including chemical polishing,electrolytic polishing,abrasive flow polishing and laser polishing are introduced in this paper.Then,the development trend of surface polishing technology for additive manufacturing of metal parts is analyzed.Finally,a summary and prospects of additive manufacturing are given.The process optimization thought of combining additive manufacturing and surface polishing process is put forward,and it is pointed out that the development of green and intelligent integrated technical equipment is the major challenge facing us at present.