清末《图画新闻》中气象记录的分析与验证

Analysis and Confirmation of Meteorological Records in The Pictorial News at the Last Years of the Qing Dynasty

收集和整理清光绪三十三年(1907年)十一月至宣统二年(1910年)十一月,上海滩最著名的三大时事新闻画报之一的《图画新闻》,遴选出40张与气象相关的画报资料,统计分析其记录的气象事件,包括大风15次,雨11次,水灾10次,雷电和雪7次,干旱3次,冰雹2次,龙卷1次,另外还包括气候事件和国外人工降雨试验各1次。将这些气象记录与《中国三千年气象记录总集》中的气象记录进行查对,发现有9条气象记录在《总集》中已有相关记载,但其记录的事件有更详细的时间信息和灾害描述,其余31条《总集》中没有记载,验证结果表明这些气象事件真实可靠,可充实清末的气象记录。

Collected and sorted out The Pictorial News,which famous as one of the three major illustrated current affairs newspapers in Shanghai during November 1907 to November 1910,selected 40 pieces of pictorials which related to meteorology from them,and statistical analyzed meteorological events recorded by those pictorials.Those records included 15 gusty winds,11 rains,10 floods,7 lightning strikes,7 snows,3 droughts,2 hails,1 tornado,1 climate event,1 artificial precipitation experiment in those pictorials.Those meteorological records were informative,but parts of the records lacked detailed time information,so we sorted and inferred detailed time and place information of those records by referenced printed borders version,historic events in the pictures and chorography.Then we confirmed meteorological events’ truth by contrasted one piece of pictorials and meteorological records from Wuhu customs during the same period,also compared the meteorological records between this article and China three thousand years of meteorological records,9 meteorological records in this article can founded in China three thousand years of meteorological records,but those 9 records had more detailed information like time and descriptions of disasters.Other 31 meteorological records in this article can’t found in China three thousand years of meteorological records.The confirmation result showed those news related to meteorology were true and reliable,and all those meteorological records can used to supplement the records in China three thousand years of meteorological records,augmented meteorological records at the last years of the Qing Dynasty.