2019年我国5岁以下腹泻住院患儿星状病毒感染的流行特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of astrovirus infection among hospitalized children with diarrhea under 5 years old in China in 2019

目的了解2019年我国5岁以下腹泻住院患儿星状病毒(Astrovirus,AstV)感染的流行特点,为AstV腹泻防控提供参考。方法收集2019年各监测哨点医院的5岁以下腹泻住院患儿粪便样本及临床信息。采用RT-PCR检测AstV,描述AstV感染的流行特征。结果采集5岁以下腹泻住院患儿粪便标本共4918份,检测4531份,AstV阳性检出率为5.30%,四川省AstV阳性检出率最低(1.23%),甘肃省AstV阳性检出率最高(14.36%);AstV在男性患儿和女性患儿中阳性检出率分别为5.14%和4.52%,无明显性别差异(P>0.05);AstV感染无明显年龄、城乡差别和季节特征(P>0.05);AstV阳性病例中,常见临床表现为腹泻伴呕吐等症状,腹泻次数多为0~2次,粪便性状常为水样便。结论AstV是我国5岁以下腹泻住院患儿的主要病原之一,临床诊疗时须予以考虑,需持续开展监测。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of astrovirus(AstV)infections among hospitalized children under 5 years old with diarrhea in China in 2019,so as to provide reference for the prevention and control of AstV diarrhea.Methods Stool samples and clinical data of children with diarrhea were collected from the sentinel hospitals.AstV was detected by RT-PCR and the epidemiological characteristics of AstV infections were described.Results A total of 4918 stool samples were collected from hospitalized children under 5 years old with diarrhea,and 4531 samples were tested.The detection rate of AstV was 5.30%.The lowest AstV positive rate was found in Sichuan province(1.23%),while the highest was in Gansu province(14.36%).The positive rate of AstV in male and female children was 5.14%and 4.52%,respectively,with no statistically significant difference in gender(P>0.05).There was no statistically significant differences of AstV infections in age,urban and rural areas or in seasonality(P>0.05).In AstV positive cases,the common clinical manifestations were diarrhea accompanied by vomiting.The number of diarrhea was usually 0~2 times,and the fecal character was usually watery stools.Conclusions AstV is one of the main causes of diarrhea in hospitalized children under 5 years old in China.The infection should be considered in clinical diagnosis and treatment.Continuous surveillance would be necessary.