卦变问题略谈——以程颐解说为中心

On Hexagram Changes Theory:Focusing on Cheng Yi’s Interpretation

卦变问题自《彖传》发端,汉以后推演成说,并成为汉易的一个代表性理论。随后的经典注疏,对汉易以卦爻上下升降为特色的卦变说有所发展,其中不乏新解。程颐不认同汉易的卦变,而是承接王弼阐发义理的思路,提出了一切变化源于乾坤的卦变说,突出了“天下无不二”的对待原则的普遍意义。朱熹从重卦方式入手批评程颐的卦变说,但朱熹的辩驳与程颐卦变不在同一轨道上。后来顾炎武总结卦变,认为程颐之说较为妥帖。

The issue of hexagram changes first appeared in the Tuan zhuan(Commentary on the Judgments), deductions from which became a theory from the Han dynasty(206 BCE-220 CE) and became a representative point of view of the Han Yi tradition. The subsequent commentary developed the theory characterized by the rising and falling of lines, which included some new explanations. Cheng Yi(1033-1107) did not agree with the hexagram changes theory and inherited Wang Bi’s(226-249) thread of elucidating meanings and principles conceived in the Changes. Cheng put forward his theory that all hexagram changes originated from Qian and Kun, and highlighted the universal significance of the relativity principle of “nothing in the world is non-duality”. Starting from the way of doubling trigrams, Zhu Xi(1130-1200) criticized Cheng Yi’s theory of hexagram changes. However, Zhu Xi’s refutation is not in the same orbit as Cheng Yi’s theory. Gu Yanwu(1613-1682) summarized the theory of hexagram changes and contended that Cheng Yi’s theory was more appropriate.