后殖民·知识分子·身份认同:古尔纳小说的三个面向

Postcolonial,intellectual and identity:Three aspects of Abdulrazak Gurnah’s novel

坦桑尼亚裔英国作家阿卜杜勒拉扎克·古尔纳获得了2021年的诺贝尔文学奖,引发了全球对非洲英语文学的关注。古尔纳从自身的移民经历和流动不居的生活状态出发,把小说创作的文本背景置于后殖民的社会背景之下,其小说形成了弥赛亚时间观和流散叙事风格。古尔纳以知识分子写作的立场关注非洲人民的生存境遇,他敢于揭蔽被“主流叙事”话语影响的非洲现实情境。古尔纳的小说始终贯穿着对难民身份认同和精神归属等问题的关注,对受到殖民主义压迫的非洲人民报以同情。古尔纳的文学创作不仅具有十分重要的文学价值,也具有打破后殖民二元对立的思维定势以及重新认识非洲的现实意义。

Tanzanian British writer Abdulrazak Gurnah won the 2021 Nobel Prize in Literature, attracting global attention to African English literature. Starting from his own immigrant experience and mobile life, Gurnah puts the text of the novel under the post-colonial society, and his novels formed the Messianic time view and scattered narrative style. Gurnah focuses on the living conditions of African people from the standpoint of intellectual writing, and he dares to expose the reality of Africa influenced by the discourse of “mainstream narrative”. Gurnah’s novels focus on issues of refugee identity and spiritual affiliation, with sympathy for African people oppressed by colonialism. Gurnah’ s literary creation not only has great literary value, but also has the practical significance of breaking the thinking set of post-colonial binary opposition and re-understanding of Africa.