黄河中游晋陕峡谷陕西侧龙门至壶口段新发现的石制品

Newly discovered lithic artifacts from the Shanxi-Shaanxi Gorge in the middle reaches of Yellow River,Longmen-Hukou of Shaanxi Province

2019-2020年,在黄河中游晋陕峡谷陕西一侧龙门至壶口段新发现9处旷野旧石器地点,采集石制品136件,部分石制品直接采自地层剖面上。康家岭地点石制品的埋藏地层为马兰黄土底部的洪积碎屑层,时代可能为晚更新世早期。苏家岭地点有1件石制品出自MIS3阶段弱古土壤层之下的洪积碎屑层,光释光年龄为距今7.2±0.7万年。其余大部分石制品的埋藏地层为马兰黄土层,时代为晚更新世中、晚期,其中凉泉沟地点埋藏石制品的黄土地层光释光年龄大于距今5万年。古人类加工石制品的原料主要为砾石,岩性以石英岩为主,其次为石英,此外还有少量燧石、细砂岩和硅质岩。石制品类型包括石核、石片、石器和断块。个体大小以中小型为主。石核和石片以自然台面者为主,剥片主要采用硬锤锤击法直接剥片,少量应用砸击法。石器有中小型的刮削器、凹缺器和大型的砍砸器,均属简单石核-石片技术产品。本次新发现的旧石器地点进一步扩大了晋陕峡谷地区旧石器时代遗存的时空分布范围,有助于后续相关研究工作的开展。

In 2019-2020,nine Paleolithic open-air sites were discovered in the Shanxi-Shaanxi Gorge in the middle reaches of the Yellow River,Longmen-Hukou(Shaanxi Province),Northern China.A total of 136 lithic artifacts were collected.Some of the lithic artifacts were directly collected from the exposed stratigraphic sections.In Kangjialing site,most of the lithic artifacts are buried in the fluvial clastic accumulation layer at the bottom of Malan loess,which may be in the early Late Pleistocene.In Sujialing site,only one lithic artifact from the fluvial clastic layer under the weak paleosol layer of MIS3 stage,most of the lithic artifacts are buried in Malan loess.The OSL age of the fluvial clastic layer is 72±7 kaBP.The rest of the buried strata are Malan loess layer,which can be temporarily placed in the middle and late stage of Late Pleistocene,and the OSL data of the loess layer in Liangquangou site is more than 50ka.The raw materials for processing lithic artifacts are mainly gravel,and the lithology is mainly quartzite,followed by quartz,in addition to a small amount of flint,fine sandstone and siliceous rock.The lithic artifacts include cores,flakes,retouched tools,chunks,which are mainly small(<50 mm)in size.The platforms of core and flake are dominated by cortical surface.Most of the lithic artifacts were knapped by direct hammer percussion,a few stone artifacts were knapped by bi-polar technique.The retouched tools include light-duty scrapers,notch,and choppers.The lithic industry show typical characters of the simple coreflake technology.These newly discovered Paleolithic site has further expanded the spatial and temporal distribution of Paleolithic remains in Shanxi-Shaanxi Gorge area of the Yellow River,which is conducive to the follow-up research work.