东秦岭卢氏盆地新发现的旧石器

Newly discovered Paleolithic artifacts from the Lushi Basin,Eastern Qinling Mountains

2019年6-8月,在秦岭东部南洛河流域河南卢氏盆地开展古人类和旧石器考古遗址调查,在南洛河不同阶地之上的黄土堆积地层中新发现旧石器地点27处,采集石制品123件。部分石制品采自于阶地顶部暴露的黄土地层剖面上。石制品包括石核、石片、断块、碎屑、石器等类型,整体属于简单的石核-石片工业。原料为取自河滩砾石堆积的石英、砂岩和石英岩等。石核为简单剥片的单台面石核和转向剥片石核。石器组合中既有手镐、砍砸器等重型类型,也有以石片为毛坯的中小型刮削器等。根据黄土-古土壤地层序列初步判断,多数地点的石制品出自黄土L1-S2地层堆积,年代范围涵盖中更新世晚期至晚更新世;西庄村南(19LS35)和九寨山(19LS27)两个地点的2件石制品则出自更早的S9和S13古土壤地层堆积中,它们的发现为进一步探寻南洛河流域最早的古人类活动提供了关键性的考古学证据。本次调查扩大了卢氏盆地旧石器时代遗存的时空分布范围,为本区域旧石器遗址的保护和制订研究计划提供了更为全面的依据。

During August 2019,Paleolithic archaeological survey was carried out in the Lushi Basin in the middle of South Luohe River,central China,27 new Paleolithic open-air sites were identified and 123 lithic artifacts were collected.These sites are distributed on the first to fourth terrace of the South Luohe River,in situ lithic artifacts that buried in loess deposits have been found in some sites.Lithic artifacts include cores,flakes,chunks and retouched tools.They can be roughly grouped as simple core-flake lithic industry.Lithic raw materials are quartz,sandstone and quartzite pebbles which were locally collected from river deposits.The cores include singleplatform and multiple-platform production without preparation.The retouched tools include heavy-duty tools such as picks and choppers,as well as light-duty scrapers made on flakes.According to the analyses of the loess-paleosol sequences,it is preliminarily concluded that most of the cultural layers are located in L1-S2 loess and paleosol units,which are formed during the late Middle Pleistocene to the late Pleistocene.Two stone artifacts from Xizhuangcunnan(19LS35)and Jiuzhaishan(19LS27)were buried in the S9 and S13 loess deposits respectively,these findings provide important information in relation to the early hominin occupation the basin in the Eastern Qinling Mountains.The investigation expands the timing and space of Paleolithic artifacts distribution in the Lushi Basin,and provides a more comprehensive information for the protection and scientific research of Paleolithic sites in the region.