硫酸乙酰肝素蛋白聚糖在心肌梗死中的作用研究进展

Research Advances on Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans in Myocardial Infarction

硫酸乙酰肝素蛋白聚糖(Heparan sulfate proteoglycans,HSPG)是由一个核心蛋白和若干条硫酸乙酰肝素(Heparan Sulfate,HS)侧链构成的蛋白聚糖,根据核心蛋白的种类可将HSPG分为4类:多配体蛋白聚糖,磷脂酰肌醇蛋白聚糖,串珠蛋白聚糖和集聚蛋白。硫酸乙酰肝素蛋白聚糖家族是细胞表面和细胞外基质(Extracellular Matrix,ECM)中的重要组分,可通过自身HS侧链与细胞因子,生长因子及其受体等多种蛋白结合,从而参与细胞功能,各种信号通路以及细胞基质互作的调节。心肌梗死(Myocardial Infarction,MI)是心脏供血不足,心肌缺氧损伤引起的一种心脏疾病。由于心肌细胞缺乏再生能力,目前临床上还没有一种有效的治疗方法能完全恢复梗死心脏的功能。近年来,对心梗病理的多项研究发现,细胞外基质在心肌梗死早期受损心肌的保护和修复中发挥着积极的作用。而HSPG可通过调节纤维化和激活间质细胞等过程参与ECM的重塑和功能调节,促进心肌修复,预防心室破裂等。文章讨论了不同HSPG在心肌梗死过程中参与ECM重构过程的研究进展,以期为HSPG在心梗中的作用和机制研究提供理论依据,并为心梗的临床治疗提供参考。

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans(HSPG)were proteoglycans containing a core protein and one or more heparan sulfate(HS)chains.The heparan sulfate proteoglycan family could be divided into four groups according to the core protein:syndecan,glypican,perlecan,agrin.The heparan sulfate proteoglycan(HSPG)family was an important component on cell surfaces and in the Extracellular Matrix(ECM).Heparan sulfate proteoglycans could be combined with many proteins,including cytokines,growth factors and their receptors,through the HS chain and played major roles in regulating many aspects of cellular functions,cell signal pathways and cell matrix interactions.Myocardial infarction(MI)was a heart disease which could be caused by reduced blood flow to the heart and injuring myocardium due to lack of oxygen.There was no effective treatment to completely restore the function of the infarcted heart because of the limited regenerative capacity of myocardial cells.In recent years,a number of studies on the pathology of myocardial infarction have found that ECM played an active role in protection and repairment of injuring myocardium in the early stage of myocardial infarction.Heparan sulfate proteoglycans played an important role in ECM remodeling and functional changes through regulating fibrosis and the activation of cardiac interstitial cells,to promote cardiac repairment and prevent ventricular rupture after myocardial infarction.In this paper,the research progress of different Heparan sulfate proteoglycans participating in ECM remodeling during myocardial infarction were discussed,to provide a theoretical basis for the further study of Heparan sulfate proteoglycans in the pathological state of myocardial infarction and a reference for the clinical treatments of myocardial infarction.