EPC项目常见造价问题及全过程造价控制研究

Research on Common Cost Problems and Whole Process Cost Control of EPC Project

造价控制是影响EPC项目实施效果最重要的因素。文章总结了目前EPC项目中常见的造价问题,主要表现在招标管理、变洽管理两个方面。其中招标管理是指由于前期合约规划、计价方式等统筹不合理,招标时条款确定存在缺陷进而影响后期执行;变洽管理是指在实施阶段对于变更洽商的处理不及时及责任认定困难,致使项目造价不可控。通过问题分析,文章提出EPC项目全过程造价管控模型:一是在前期策划阶段,合理设置项目组织、分解目标成本形成合约规划,并针对项目特点确定合同计价方式;二是在招标阶段,准确编制清单控制价、设置与项目特点相匹配的合同条款、做好商务清标;三是在实施阶段,及时处理变洽管理、以预转固锁定成本、建立动态投资监控机制,以确保EPC项目造价可控。

Cost control is the most important factor affecting the implementation effect of EPC project. This paper summarizes the common cost problems of EPC project at present, which are mainly reflected in two aspects: bidding management and negotiation management. Among them, the bidding stage is due to the unreasonable overall planning of the early contract planning and pricing method, which leads to the defects in the determination of the terms during the bidding, and then affects the later implementation;and in the implementation stage, the treatment of change negotiation is not timely and the responsibility identification is difficult, resulting in uncontrollable project cost. Through problem analysis, this paper puts forward the whole process cost control model of EPC project: first, in the early planning stage, reasonably set the project organization, decompose the target cost, form the contract planning, and determine the contract pricing method according to the characteristics of the project;second, in the bidding stage, accurately prepare the list, control the price, set the contract terms matching the characteristics of the project, and clear the commercial bid;third, in the implementation stage, timely handle the change management, lock the cost with pre conversion to fixed assets, and establish a dynamic investment monitoring mechanism to ensure that the cost of EPC project is controllable.