从科学知识视角看《江村经济》的意义

The Significance of Peasant Life in China from the Perspective of Scientific Knowledge

费孝通的《江村经济》是国际人类学界的一部经典著作,也是中国社会学、人类学的奠基之作,影响力一直长盛不衰,其意义经常被学术界研究和关注。关于《江村经济》的意义,目前学术界已经从多个方面进行了研究,如跨过“文野之别”、开创“社会学中国学派”以及社区调查研究方法等,但很少从科学知识的视角研究其意义。从科学知识的视角看,《江村经济》记述的有关中国农民生活的知识是鲜活的、翔实的,应当属于“自然知识”,而不是“规范知识”。《江村经济》提出的解决中国农民贫困、饥饿问题的办法发展现代性的乡土工业,建立在费孝通实地社区调查的基础上,对于社会变迁起着渐进延续、平衡发展的作用。

Fei Xiaotong’s Peasant Life in China is a classic work in the international anthropology circle,and it is also the foundation work of Chinese sociology and anthropology studies. Until today,the influence of Peasant Life in China has been enduring,and its significance is often studied and paid attention to by the academic circles. Regarding the significance of Peasant Life in China,the academic circles have carried out researches from many aspects and have come to such conclusions as it brings anthropology study focus from“primitive societies to civilized ones”,creating the“Chinese school of sociology study”and the research method of community survey,etc.,but its significance in terms of scientific knowledge has been neglected in academia. From the perspective of scientific knowledge,the knowledge about Chinese peasants’ lives in Peasant Life in China is vivid and detailed“natural knowledge”instead of“normative knowledge”,which stems from Fei Xiaotong’s on–the–spot community survey,and plays a balancing role in gradual continuation and development of social changes.