金融危机以来美国高校学生资助政策发展演变及其当前挑战

The Evolution and Challenge of the Federal Government’s College Student Funding Policy since the Financial Crisis

金融危机对美国联邦政府高校学生资助政策产生了深远影响。金融危机后,奥巴马政府围绕提升额度、增加项目、降低申请条件等进行改革,虽然取得了一定成效,但也造成资助低效、联邦政府财政负担加重等问题。特朗普政府以竞争和效率为原则,着力强调市场作用,一定程度上降低了联邦政府财政负担,但又造成学生和家庭负担增加及学生选择性受限等问题。拜登政府吸收了特朗普政府政策的合理成分,在沿袭奥巴马政府时期政策方向的基础上做了很多调整,使高校学生资助政策进入了一个新的政策时期。不过,拜登政府高校学生资助政策仍处于建构期,面临众多挑战,其成效和发展仍有待观察。

The financial crisis has had a profound impact on the federal government’s college student financial aid policy.After the financial crisis,the Obama administration carried out reforms around increasing the quota,increasing projects and reducing application conditions,which achieved some results,but it also caused inefficient funding and increased the federal government financial burden.Based on the principles of competition and efficiency,the Trump administration focused on the role of the market,reducing the financial burden of the federal government,but resulting in an increase in the burden on students and families and limited selectivity of students.The Biden administration along the basic direction of the Obama administration,absorbs the reasonable elements of the Trump administration’s policies and made many adjustments,and the federal government’s college student aid policy has entered a new policy period.However,Biden government’s college student financial aid policy is still in the construction,facing many challenges,and the effectiveness and future need to be observed.