2017-2019年慈溪市大气气温及PM 2.5对老年呼吸系统疾病发病的影响

Effects of atmospheric temperature and PM 2.5 in Cixi City on the incidence of respiratory diseases in the elderly from 2017 to 2019

目的探讨2017—2019年慈溪市大气气温及PM 2.5对老年呼吸系统疾病发病的影响。方法整理2017—2019年慈溪市人民医院、慈溪市中医医院和慈溪市疾控中心门急诊收治的年龄≥60岁的呼吸系统疾病患者发病情况,收集慈溪市气温及PM 2.5相关数据。分析气温、PM 2.5浓度与老年呼吸系统疾病发病的相关性。结果2017—2019年慈溪市最高气温39.0℃、最低气温0℃、月平均气温5.5~31.5℃,PM 2.5浓度的月平均值为16~63μg/m^(3),且随着季节变化而变化。PM 2.5与最高气温、最低气温及月平均气温呈负相关(P<0.05),与空气质量指数呈正相关(P<0.05)。研究期间三所医疗机构共收治老年呼吸系统疾病患者88297例,其中肺炎11626例、哮喘25534例、过敏性鼻炎2266例、急慢性支气管炎5058例、上呼吸道感染27051例、其他呼吸系统疾病16762例。肺炎、哮喘、过敏性鼻炎、急慢性支气管炎、上呼吸道感染及疾病总发病情况与气温呈负相关(P<0.05),与PM 2.5呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论气温降低PM 2.5浓度增加,肺炎、哮喘、过敏性鼻炎、急慢性支气管炎、上呼吸道感染等老年呼吸系统疾病发病率上升。

Objective To explore the effects of atmospheric temperature and PM 2.5 in Cixi City on the incidence of respiratory diseases in the elderly from 2017 to 2019.Methods The incidences of respiratory diseases in the patients aged≥60 years old who were admitted to the outpatient and emergency departments of Cixi People’s Hospital,Cixi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital and Cixi Center for Diseases Control and Prevention from 2017 to 2019 were sorted out.The relevant data of temperature and PM 2.5 in Cixi City were collected.The correlations between air temperature and PM 2.5 concentration and the incidences of respiratory diseases in the elderly were analyzed.Results From 2017 to 2019,the highest temperature in Cixi City was 39.0℃,the lowest temperature was 0℃,the monthly average temperature was 5.5-31.5℃,and the monthly average value of PM 2.5 concentration was 16-63μg/m^(3),which varied with seasons.PM 2.5 was negatively correlated with the maximum temperature,the minimum temperature and the monthly average temperature(P<0.05),and was positively correlated with the air quality index(P<0.05).During the study period,88297 elderly patients with respiratory diseases were admitted to the three medical institutions,including 11626 cases of pneumonia,25534 cases of asthma,2266 cases of allergic rhinitis,5058 cases of acute and chronic bronchitis,27051 cases of upper respiratory tract infection and 16762 cases of other respiratory diseases.The incidences of pneumonia,asthma,allergic rhinitis,acute and chronic bronchitis and upper respiratory tract infection and the total incidence of respiratory diseases were negatively correlated with temperature(P<0.05),and was positively correlated with PM 2.5(P<0.05).Conclusions The decrease of temperature induces the rise of PM 2.5 concentration,leading to the increased incidences of elderly respiratory diseases such as pneumonia,asthma,allergic rhinitis,acute and chronic bronchitis and upper respiratory tract infection.