性别刻板印象下老年人身体运动的“主动健康观”构建

Construction of“Active Health Concept”for Physical Exercise of the Elderly Under Gender Stereotype

性别刻板印象规范着男女两性的身体运动,直至人生的老年阶段依然发挥着重要的作用,影响着不同性别老年身体的体育行为,进而制约着老年人身体运动的“主动健康观”构建。研究认为,老年男性的身体构建主要包括运动项目的精神固守、中性运动的过渡及女性化项目的延伸三种方式,方向由横向向纵向转变;而脱离了月经、怀孕、生产、更年期等生理活动的老年女性更乐于固守体育性别刻板印象,并以横向化的构建方向来争取身体的社会权利。“主动健康观”下的老年人身体运动需要打破体育性别刻板印象的桎梏,在遵循生命发展规律与身体使用逻辑的基础上,发展身体功能性动作,用“心”引领,知行合一。

Gender stereotype divides the physical exercise in men and women and still have an impact on the elderly stage of life,affecting the sports behavior of the elderly of different genders,and then restricting their construction of the“active health concept”.The research shows that the body construction of elderly men mainly includes three ways:the persistence of sports,the transition of neutral sports and the extension of feminized sports,and the direction changes from horizontal to vertical;The elderly women who are free from physiological activities such as menstruation,pregnancy,childbirth,menopause prefer to stick to the gender stereotype of sports,and strive for their social rights of the body in a horizontal direction.The elderly people who do physical exercise under the“active health concept”needs to get rid of sports gender stereotype,develop physical functional movement on the basis of following the laws of life development and regularity of using body,and combine learning with practice under the guidance of“concepts”.