劳动力机会成本上升是生猪养殖资本化发展的原因吗?

Is Rising Labor Opportunity Cost Reason for Capitalization of Hog Breeding?

基于机会成本视角,运用2001—2018年中国30个省份的面板数据,考察农村居民工资性收入对生猪养殖资本化的影响。结果表明:(1)农村居民工资性收入每提高1万元,资本养殖场和出栏量比例分别提高0.0465%和16%;(2)生猪养殖资本化是随着工资性收入增长,机会成本提高,小农户自然退出而形成的,其直接原因是资本养殖具有规模经济优势,形成对资本劳动的替代;(3)土地成本是资本养殖场发展的现实约束。此外市场规模、土地承载力和能繁母猪供给能力、交通通达性、环境规制和疫情冲击等均对生猪养殖资本化产生影响。基于此,为推动生猪规模养殖尤其是资本养殖,建议通过增加就业机会提高农村居民工资性收入,在保障用地指标,降低环境治理成本和加强疫病防控指导等方面予以支持。

From the perspective of opportunity cost,this paper uses the panel data of 30 provinces in China covering the 2001—2018 period to investigate the impact of rural residents’wage income on hog farming capitalization.The results show that:(1)Every increase of 10000 yuan in the wage income led to the growth in the proportion of capital farms and slaughter by 0.0465%and 16%respectively.(2)Farming capitalization is the result of income growth,leading to an increase in opportunity cost and small-scale farmers’natural withdrawal,where the substitution of capital for labor and capital farming has the advantage of economies of scale.(3)The cost of land is a realistic restriction to the development of capital farms.Additionally,market scale,land bearing capacity,supply capacity of breeding sows,traffic accessibility,environmental regulation and diseases all have impacts on farming capitalization.Therefore,in a bid to promote the capital farming,it is suggested that the wage income of rural residents be increased,the indicators of land use be guaranteed,the cost of environmental governance be reduced and disease prevention and control be strengthened.