居家老年痴呆患者家庭照顾者焦虑抑郁与社会支持状况的相关性分析

Correlation among anxiety,depression and social support of family caregivers of elderly patients with dementia at home

目的调查上海市居家老年痴呆患者家庭照顾者的焦虑抑郁及社会支持现况,并分析之间的相关性。方法2021年2—8月采用便利抽样方法选取上海市静安区的110名居家老年痴呆患者家庭照顾者进行调研,调查工具包括一般资料调查表、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)。共发放问卷110份,回收问卷107份,有效问卷105份,有效率回收率为95.5%。结果105名老年痴呆患者家庭照顾者的焦虑总分为(39.69±10.73)分,51.4%(54/105)的照顾者存在焦虑情绪;抑郁总分为(43.72±10.58)分,66.7%(70/105)的照顾者存在抑郁情绪;社会支持得分为(29.69±7.31)分,其中社会支持利用度得分最低[(6.79±2.03)分]。相关分析显示,照顾者的焦虑、抑郁得分与社会支持总分及各维度得分均呈负相关(P<0.01);多重线性回归分析显示,照顾者的社会支持水平是其发生焦虑、抑郁的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论居家老年痴呆照顾者的焦虑和抑郁发生率较高,应从多领域加强对居家老年痴呆患者照顾者健康的社会支持,降低焦虑抑郁情绪的发生,改善其身心健康。

Objective To explore the anxiety,depression and social support of family caregivers of elderly patients with dementia at home in Shanghai,and to analyze the correlation among them.Methods From February to August 2021,convenience sampling was used to select 110 family caregivers of elderly patients with dementia in Jing'an District,Shanghai for investigation.The survey tools included the General Information Questionnaire,Social Support Rating Scale(SSRS),Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS)and Self-rating Depression Scale(SDS).A total of 110 questionnaires were distributed,107 questionnaires were recovered,and 105 were valid questionnaires,with a valid recovery rate of 95.5%.Results Among 105 family caregivers of elderly patients with dementia,the total score of anxiety was(39.69±10.73),and 51.4%(54/105)of the caregivers had anxiety.The total score of depression was(43.72±10.58),and 66.7%(70/105)of the caregivers had depression.The score of social support was(29.69±7.31),among which the score of social support utilization was the lowest(6.79±2.03).Correlation analysis showed that the scores of anxiety and depression of caregivers were negatively correlated with the total score and each dimension scores of social support(P<0.01).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the social support of caregivers was the influencing factor of anxiety and depression(P<0.05).Conclusions The incidences of anxiety and depression are high among caregivers of elderly patients with dementia at home.Social support for the health of caregivers of elderly patients with dementia at home should be strengthened from multiple areas,to reduce the occurrence of anxiety and depression,so as to improve their physical and mental health.