通州区3197名学生营养状况9年动态变化分析

Analysis of 9-year dynamic changes of nutritional status of 3197 students in Tongzhou District

目的分析3197名学生的营养状况动态变化,为通州区开展学生营养状况重点人群干预找到切入点。方法从2011—2019学年全区学生常规体检数据中,按照城乡及性别的学生人数比例选取有9年完整体检信息的3197名学生的体检数据,对营养状况各检出率的变化,分性别和城乡在不同学段进行描述性统计、分析。结果营养不良检出率在小学阶段基本呈下降趋势(17.06%~5.88%),初一阶段检出率最低(4.69%),低于小学各年级(χ^(2)均大于3.84,P<0.05);超重检出率在小学阶段随年级而增加(10.26%~18.64%),初中阶段差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)<3.84,P>0.05);肥胖检出率呈先升高后降低的趋势14.92%~24.93%~18.74%),在四年级时检出率最高(24.93%),初中差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)<3.84,P>0.05);缺铁性贫血检出率呈先降低后升高的趋势(3.03%~0.19%~1.13%),在四年级时检出率最低(0.19%),初中阶段检出率差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)<3.84,P>0.05)。结论结合通州区学生营养状况的现状,重点关注初中男生的营养不良、小学时期超重和肥胖,建立以低年级为主体、以家庭为单位的健康干预模式。

Objective To analyze the dynamic changes of nutritional status of 3197 students and find the entry point for the intervention of key groups of students'nutritional status in Tongzhou District.Methods From the routine physical examination data of students in the whole district in the academic year 2011-2019,according to the proportion of students in urban and rural areas and gender,the physical examination data of 3197 students with complete physical examination information for 9 years were selected.The changes of detection rates of nutritional status were analyzed by descriptive statistics and analysis by gender,and urban and rural students in different academic sections.Results The detection rate of malnutrition basically showed a downward trend in primary school(17.06%-5.88%).The detection rate in the first stage of junior high school was the lowest(4.69%),which was lower than those in all grades of primary school(allχ^(2)>3.84,P<0.05).The detection rate of overweight increased with the grade in primary school(10.26%-18.64%),but there was no significant difference in junior middle school(χ^(2)<3.84,P>0.05).The detection rate of iron deficiency anemia decreased first and then increased(3.03%-0.19%-1.13%),and the detection rate was the lowest in grade 4 of primary school(0.19%),but there was no significant difference in the detection rate of iron deficiency anemia in junior middle school(χ^(2)<3.84,P>0.05).Conclusion Combined with the current nutritional status of students in Tongzhou District,we should focus on the malnutrition of junior middle school boys,overweight and obesity in primary school students,and establish a health intervention model with lower grade as the key group and the family as the unit.