细胞因子风暴综合征和细胞因子释放综合征的研究进展

Research progress in cytokine storm syndrome and cytokine release syndrome

细胞因子风暴(cytokine storm,CS)是一种累及全身的系统性炎症反应,可由多种诱因导致,由其发展的疾病包括细胞因子风暴综合征(cytokine storm syndrome,CSS)和细胞因子释放综合征(cytokine release syndrome,CRS)。其中CSS与感染和自身免疫性疾病等有关,而CRS与肿瘤免疫治疗的不良反应有关。目前医学工作中,对CSS和CRS认识不足,两者概念极易混淆。随着肿瘤免疫检查点抑制剂和免疫细胞治疗的广泛应用,CRS在临床上越来越常见。因此,迫切需要提高对CSS和CRS的正确诊断和认识,有助于对其临床和基础研究提供进一步的帮助。本文分别介绍了CSS和CRS各自的发展历史、分类及发生机制等,旨在为CSS和CRS的诊断、鉴别诊断、预防和治疗提供帮助。

Cytokine storm(CS)is an inflammatory response involving the whole body and has a variety of causes.CS-associated diseases include cytokine storm syndrome(CSS)and cytokine release syndrome(CRS).CSS involves infections and autoimmune diseases,and CRS is related to the adverse reactions of tumor immunotherapy.The understanding of CSS and CRS is incomplete.The two concepts are easily confused,especially in terms of treatment that extensively involves tumor immune checkpoint inhibitors and immune cell therapy.CRS is becoming increasingly common in clinical practice.Therefore,the correct diagnosis and understanding of CSS and CRS are crucial aspects in clinical and basic research.This review discusses the development history,classification,and mechanism of CSS and CRS.The aim is to aid the diagnosis,differential diagnosis,prevention,and treatment of CSS and CRS.