信史难就——从《容斋随笔》所载宋人史学谈起

Reliable Historical Accounts Hard to Offer——Thoughts on the Philosophy of People in the Song Dynasty recorded in Miscellaneous Notes from the Tolerant Studio

南宋洪迈的《容斋随笔》通过点评宋代的史家和史著,以及宋人笔记中的史学内容,向后人展示了宋人的当代史观,即突破正统论和春秋笔法,对于前朝之事尽量秉笔直书。尽录忠义之人,不因身份高低而选择性记载,且不载与国无关之事。同时,他们敢于质疑当时所修史书中的史实、文法和史论。但信史难就,无论是宋人所修前史还是当代史,均有不如意之处。宋人笔记虽可“补正史之阙”,但也存错讹和遗漏之处,而这些均成为造就信史的阻碍。

Miscellaneous Notes from the Tolerant Studio,a book by Hong Mai who lived in the Southern Song Dynasty,conveys the views of his contemporary people on history to the future generations through commenting on the historians and historical works of the Song Dynasty as well as the historical records in the notes kept by people in the dynasty.That means breaking through orthodoxy and Chun Qiu Bi Fa(Chinese esoteric writing)and writing down truth in terms of what happened in the previous dynasties.The people recorded in the book are all loyal and righteous regardless of their status and only things that have something to do with the country are kept.Meanwhile,they dared to challenge the materials,grammar and historical theories in the history books compiled at that time.However,it is not easy to offer reliable historical materials.Whether it is previous historical records compiled by the Song people or their contemporary history,there is still some room for improvement.The notes of the Song people can help complement what is not included in the official history books,but there exist mistakes and something that should not have been omitted is missing.All these have become a barrier to offer reliable historical materials.