《黄老帛书·十六经》之《立[命]》与《观》两篇考析

An Analysis of Founding[Life]and Observation in Huang-Lao Silk Books:Sixteen Classics

在马王堆汉墓出土的《黄老帛书》四种中,《十六经》最显独特之处为九篇假托黄帝君臣之间的问答讨论,内中又以黄帝口吻自述其志业的《立[命]》以及托为黄帝命力黑“周流四国,以观无恒善之法则”的《观》尤显重要,实可谓深入研究黄老之学内容、性质之罕见珍贵资料。前者有助于考察传说中黄帝之政道治绩及其人格抱负,后者则有助于考察其治化纪纲及制度理念寄托。

The most distinctive feature of the Sixteen Classics among the four Huang-Lao Silk Books unearthed from the MawangduiH[an Tomb is the question-and-answer discussion between Huangdi and his ministers in nine chapters.Among them,Founding Life],which describes his aspirations in the tone of the Huangdi,and Observation,an account about Lihei(also known as Limo orLimu)who was entrusted to Huangdi’s life force,“flew through the four countries around the world,and observed the law of lawwithout permanent kindness”,are particularly important.It can be said that these two pieces are rare and precious for in-depthstudy of the content and nature of Huang-Lao studies.The former is helpful for examining the legendary Huangdi’s achievementsin political governance as well as his personal aspiration,while the latter is conducive to investigating the disciplines of his gover-nance and institutional ideas.