高空抛物罪的刑法教义学分析

Doctrinal Analysis of the Crime of Throwing Objects from High Places from the Perspective of Criminal Law

高空抛物罪是治理高空抛物行为的法律手段之一,对于强化公安机关的侦查职责、消除相关定罪争议具有积极意义。高空抛物罪的保护法益是公共场所的安全,不同于公共安全以及公共场所的秩序。主观方面,高空抛物罪只能由间接故意构成;客观方面,高空抛物必须达到情节严重的程度才能定罪,司法机关可以结合抛掷的物品、抛物的高度、抛掷的次数、物品掉落的环境、认罪态度等因素进行综合判定。高空抛物造成严重损害结果的,必须对此结果持放任态度才可能构成数罪。高空抛物案件的司法证明难题应当被正确看待,不宜过分强调。高空抛物罪的刑事责任与侵权人的民事责任的承担两者并行不悖,公安等机关应当在案件发生后第一时间介入,查清真正责任人,侵权连带责任是解决高空抛物法律问题的最后途径。

Throwing objects into the penalty is an effective legal means to control such dangerous behaviors,which has positive significance for strengthening the investigation responsibility of public security organs and eliminating the conviction disputes of related crimes.The protection of legal interests of throwing objects from high places is the safety of public places,which is different from public safety or the order of public places.Subjectively,the crime of throwing objects from high places can only be constituted by indirect intention;objectively,throwing objects from high places must reach a serious degree before conviction,which requires a comprehensive judgment based on the throwing objects,the height of the throwing objects,the throwing times,the falling environment of the objects,and the attitude of confession.If throwing objects from high altitude causes serious damage,it is necessary to take a laissez faire attitude towards the result before it constitutes several crimes.The problem of judicial proof in the case of throwing objects from high places should be treated correctly and should not be overemphasized.The penalty of throwing objects from high places does not negate the civil liability of the perpetrator.The public security organs should intervene in the case as soon as possible and find out the real responsible person.The joint and several liability of infringement is the final way to solve the legal problems related to throwing objects from high places.