试论“物”的能动性及其在博物馆藏品研究中的应用

On The ’Object’s Agency’ Theory and Practice into Museums’ Cultural Relics Research

博物馆对藏品的阐释不应该是单纯物质性的解释,而应根据时空变换考察其能动性的变化,从研究人对物的影响转移到物质本身的能量和时空的相互影响。对此,研究方法应以考古学和人类学对物质文化的研究为基础,深入探究文物的生命史和流传史,及其在博物馆展览中对博物馆所发挥的能动性。本文中,作者将“物的能动性”(Object Agency)定义为“物质”自身产生的能力或者能量。物的能动性是物质固有的一种状态,并不是外界强加的,但会通过情境的变化发生改变。从博物馆展览角度,博物馆应将自身放置为客体,将参观者放置为主体;从藏品阐释研究角度,要将物自身产生的能动性放置于主体,将人对物的影响放置在客体,让博物馆藏品阐释和展陈形成多元交叉的研究环境。作者认为,在博物馆展陈中,让参观者和研究者与文物之间发生新的“强链接”,使藏品在当代博物馆产生新的能动性,才能够让博物馆的藏品真正从收藏走入公众生活,为社会服务。

The interpretation to museums’ cultural relics requires the ’object’s agency’ to be taken into account as well as the object itself,which concerns about the way the object itself interacts with the space-time context more than the way people impact on the object.It is recommended to trace the history of both life time and circulation of the cultural relics and how it acts actively to the museum based on the achievements on material cultures in archaeology and anthropology.The ’Object’s Agency’ is here defined as the quality or energy generated from the object itself,not imposed from outside by force.It is,not consistent but dynamic,always in accord with the specific context where the cultural relics are presented and appreciated.For the exhibition of cultural relics,the museum-to-viewer is of the objectto-subject relationship;but for the interpretation to cultural relics,the ’object’s agency’ plays as the subject against the viewers as the object,either of which intends for the cultural relics to be properly exhibited and interpreted in the multi-element contexts.The thesis suggests that the kind of ’strong link’ connecting the viewer/researcher and the cultural relics be built up for museums’ collected heritages to serve the public society more actively.