新型超吸水材料对马铃薯生长·产量和效益的影响

Effect of New Superabsorbent Material on Potato Growth,Yield and Economic Benefits

[目的]为解决甘肃河西祁连山南部浅山区马铃薯各生育期干旱缺水问题提供科学依据。[方法]在甘肃武威凉州区张义镇开展新型超吸水材料(保水剂)对马铃薯生长的影响的示范试验,以不施保水剂处理为对照(CK),采用单因素随机区组方法设计田间试验,研究不同用量保水剂(D_(1):45 kg/hm^(2),D_(2):75 kg/hm^(2),D_(3):105 kg/hm^(2),D_(4):135 kg/hm^(2))对马铃薯不同生育期土壤含水量、形态特征、叶绿素含量、产量及经济效益的影响。[结果]施用不同量的保水剂能不同程度地提高马铃薯生育期土壤含水量,尤其是10~20 cm深度的土层。施用保水剂能提高马铃薯生育期株高和株幅,以D_(2)处理效果最佳;马铃薯叶绿素含量随着生育期的推进整体呈单峰曲线变化,在块茎形成期达到峰值。不同生育期D_(2)处理的叶绿素含量最高;各保水剂处理商品率均高于CK,增幅为2.26%~15.84%;D_(2)处理可实现增收8730.87元/hm^(2)。[结论]综合结果表明保水剂用量75 kg/hm^(2)为最优处理。

[Objective]In order to provide scientific basis for solving the problem of drought and water shortage of potato in each growth period in the shallow mountain area of the southern Qilian Mountains in Hexi,Gansu Province.[Method]A demonstration experiment on the effect of new superabsorbent materials on potato growth was carried out in Zhangyi Town,Liangzhou District,Wuwei City,Gansu Prov.This test was treated without a water retaining agent as CK,the influence of different amounts of water(D_(1):45 kg/hm^(2),D_(2):75 kg/hm^(2),D_(3):105 kg/hm^(2),D_(4):135 kg/hm^(2))of new superabsorbent materials(below referred to water retaining agent)on the soil water content,morphological characteristics,chlorophyll content,yield and economic benefits of different growth stages of potato was studied.[Result]The results showed that the application of different amounts of water retaining agent could increase the water content of the cultivated soil layer during the potato growth period,especially the soil layer with a depth of 10-20 cm.Application of water retaining agent could increase the plant height and plant width during the potato growth period,and the effect of D_(2) treatment was the best effect;the chlorophyll content of the potato increased as the growth period progressed.It changed in a single-peak curve and reached its peak during the tuber formation period.The chlorophyll content of D_(2) treatment in different growth periods was the highest;the commodity rate of each treatment with water retaining agent was higher than that of CK,the increase was 2.26%-15.84%.The D_(2) treatment could increase the income of 8730.84 yuan/hm^(2).[Conclusion]The comprehensive results showed that 75 kg/hm^(2) of water retaining agent was the optimal treatment for potatoes.