中华人民共和国统编历史教材对根据地课本的承续和改写

The Continuation and Rewriting of Base-Area Textbooks Influenced by History Textbooks The People’s Republic of China

作为一种特殊的知识文本,历史教材的编撰范式受其功能属性制约,在不同历史时期呈现出不同的样态。在革命年代,历史教材宣扬唯物史观等主流价值观,突出政治斗争内容,俨然社会动员文书。中华人民共和国成立以后,随着教育秩序规整,教材属性转变为课程知识载体。统编历史教材虽一度承袭根据地教材体例,但在内容编选和叙事路径逐渐淡化斗争色彩,回归历史教学理性,并适当摹效苏联教材。这种转变看似指向编撰主体对意识形态、学科逻辑、教学理性三重标准的裒选与确认,实际是教材文本的价值重构和范式转换。换言之,官方教育意志通过切换历史教材的功能定位以实现历史教育门径的重塑与再造。

As a special knowledge text,the compiling paradigm of history textbook is restricted by its functional attributes,which presents different patterns in different historical periods.In the revolutionary years,history textbooks publicized the mainstream values such as historical materialism,highlighting the content of political struggle,and serving as social mobilization documents.After the founding of the People’s Republic of China,with the regular education order,textbooks have changed into the carrier of curriculum knowledge.Although the unified compilation of history textbooks once followed the style of textbooks in the base areas,it gradually weakened the color of struggle in the content selection and narrative path,returned to the rationality of history teaching,and imitated the Soviet textbooks in one way or another.This change seems to be grounded upon the editor’s selection and confirmation of the triple criteria of ideology,discipline logic and teaching rationality.As a matter of fact,it is the value reconstruction and paradigm transformation of the texts.In other words,the official education will reshape and reconstruct the path of history education by switching the functional orientation of history textbooks.