浅析羌医的骨伤用药特征与规律

Medication characteristics and rules of traditional Qiang medicine in orthopedics and traumatology:a brief analysis

目的总结羌医治疗骨伤疾病的用药特征和规律。方法统计《尔玛思柏—中国羌药谱》中有关羌医治疗骨伤科疾病的验方,规范化处理药物数据及疾病种类后进行频次分析。对高频次药物进行聚类分析、因子分析、关联规则分析。结果(1)共获得羌医骨伤验方199条,涉及301味药物,涉及疾病有风湿痹痛、跌打损伤、腰痛、外伤出血、骨折、骨结核、骨髓炎。(2)使用频次≥4次(高频次)的药物共有21味,包括杜仲、牛膝、独活、续断、五加皮、川芎、甘草、当归、伸筋草、木瓜等,总体以祛风湿药为主,其次为活血化瘀药;药物药味主要为辛、苦、甘,性温,归肝、肾经。(3)聚类分析共获得3种聚类组合,涵盖经方羌活胜湿汤。(4)因子分析共提取出8个公因子,以祛风湿、补肝肾、活血化瘀的药物组方居多。(5)关联规则分析共获得核心药对32组,常见药对有桑寄生—杜仲、续断—杜仲、独活—杜仲、细辛—川芎、甘草—川芎、独活—川芎等,核心药物是川芎、独活、甘草、细辛、防风。结论羌医治疗骨伤疾病,善用药味辛/苦/甘、性温、归肝/肾经的药物,以祛风除湿、补益肝肾、活血化瘀为基本治法。

Objective To summarize the medication characteristics and rules of traditional Qiang medicine therapy for orthopedic and traumatic diseases.Methods The experiential effective prescriptions of traditional Qiang medicine for the treatment of orthopedics and traumatology diseases in Ermasibai Chinese Qiang Medicine Spectrum were counted,and the standardized treatment of drug data and disease types was performed following the frequency analysis.Cluster analysis,factor analysis and association rule analysis were carried out for high-frequency drugs.Results(1)A total of 199 experiential effective prescriptions of traditional Qiang medicine for orthopedics and traumatology diseases were obtained,involving 301 drugs,and concerning rheumatic arthralgia,traumatic injury,low back pain,traumatic bleeding,fracture,bone tuberculosis,and osteomyelitis.(2)There were 21 drugs with a frequency of utilization≥4 times(high frequency),including Eucommiae Cortex,Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix,Angelicae Pubescentis Radix,Dipsaci Radix,Acanthopanacis Cortex,Chuanxiong Rhizoma,Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma,Angelicae Sinensis Radix,Lycopodii Herba,and Chaenomelis Fructus etc.,overall dominated by drugs for dispelling wind and eliminating dampness,followed by drugs for activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis.Their main medicinal flavors were sweetness,bitterness,and pungency.They had warm property and were liver-and kidney-meridian drugs.(3)Three cluster combinations were obtained by cluster analysis,covering the classical prescription Qianghuo Shengshi Decoction.(4)Eight common factors were extracted by factor analysis,most were drug components for dispelling wind and eliminating dampness,nourishing liver and kidney,and activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis.(5)Thirty-two core couplet medicines were obtained by association rules analysis,the common couplet medicines included Taxilli Herba-Eucommiae Cortex,Dipsaci Radix-Eucommiae Cortex,Angelicae Pubescentis Radix-Eucommiae Cortex,Asari Radix Et Rhizoma-Chuanxiong Rhizoma,Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma-Chuanxiong Rhizoma,and Angelicae Pubescentis Radix-Chuanxiong Rhizoma etc.,and the core drugs were Chuanxiong Rhizoma,Angelicae Pubescentis Radix,Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma,Asari Radix Et Rhizoma,and Saposhnikoviae Radix.Conclusion Traditional Qiang medicine is good at treating orthopedics and traumatology diseases using drugs owning a medicinal flavor of sweetness,bitterness or pungency,with a basic principle for the treatment of dispelling wind and eliminating dampness,nourishing liver and kidney,and activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis.