广西6-18岁儿童青少年视力及戴镜情况现况调查

Prevalence survey on visual acuity and spectacles use in children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 in Guangxi

目的调查广西6~18岁儿童青少年视力及戴镜情况。方法采用横断面整群抽样调查方法,对广西14个地级市560所幼儿园、小学、初中、普通高中和职业高中的167845名6~18岁学生进行双眼裸眼远视力和矫正视力检查,分析不同人口学特征儿童青少年的视力及戴镜情况。结果(1)视力不良检出率为61.7%(103609/167845),女生的视力不良率高于男生(分别为67.8%、55.9%,P<0.05)、城区儿童青少年的视力不良率高于郊区儿童青少年(分别为64.1%、55.8%,P<0.05)。(2)视力不良率随年龄增长呈先下降后上升的趋势,其中8岁儿童(40.1%)的视力不良率最低,18岁青少年视力不良率高达83.0%。(3)视力不良的儿童青少年以重度视力不良为主(49.4%),轻度和中度视力不良占比分别为20.1%和30.5%,视力不良严重程度与年龄相关(P<0.05),6~8岁儿童以轻度视力不良为主,9~10岁儿童以中度视力不良为主,11~18岁儿童青少年以重度视力不良为主。(4)视力不良者戴镜率为37.7%,矫正合格率为39.7%。女生(41.8%)戴镜率高于男生(32.8%),城区儿童青少年(39.4%)戴镜率高于郊区儿童青少年(32.7%)(均P<0.05)。结论广西6~18岁儿童青少年的视力不良检出率较高,呈重度化、低龄化的特征,女生视力不良率高于男生、城区儿童青少年视力不良率高于郊区儿童青少年,随年龄增长视力不良检出率先降低后上升,且视力不良儿童青少年的戴镜率较低,戴镜后部分儿童青少年矫正视力仍不达标。今后需加强近视防控和科学研究,积极寻找切实有效的近视防控措施。

Objective To investigate the status of visual acuity and spectacles use in children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 in Guangxi.Methods A cross-sectional cluster sampling survey was conducted among 167845 students aged 6 to 18 from 560 kindergartens,primary schools,junior high schools,general high schools,and vocational high schools in 14 prefecture-level cities in Guangxi for an examination of binocular uncorrected distance visual acuity and corrected visual acuity.And the conditions of visual acuity and spectacles use were analyzed among children and adolescents with different demographic characteristics.Results(1)The detection rate of poor visual acuity was 61.7%(103609/167845),girls had a higher prevalence of poor visual acuity than boys(67.8%vs.55.9%),and urban children and adolescents had a higher prevalence of poor visual acuity than suburban ones(64.1%vs.55.8%)(all P<0.05).(2)The prevalence of poor visual acuity presented a tendency to decline first and then rise with the increasing age,wherein the lowest prevalence of poor visual acuity(40.1%)was observed in 8-year-old children,and the prevalence of poor visual acuity in 18-year-old adolescents was up to 83.0%.(3)Of children and adolescents with poor visual acuity,the majority(49.4%)sustained severe poor visual acuity,and 20.1%and 30.5%sustained mild and moderate poor visual acuity,respectively;the severity of poor visual acuity was related to age(P<0.05);children aged 6 to 8 were dominated by mild poor visual acuity,children aged 9 to 10 were dominated by moderate poor visual acuity,and children and adolescents aged 11 to 18 were dominated by severe poor visual acuity.(4)Those with poor visual acuity had a rate of spectacles use of 37.7%n and a qualified rate of corrected visual acuity of 39.7%.Girls(41.8%)yielded a higher rate of spectacles use than boys(32.8%),and urban children and adolescents had a higher rate of spectacles use than suburban ones(39.4%vs.32.7%)(all P<0.05).Conclusion Among children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 in Guangxi,the detection rate of poor visual acuity is higher and is featured by a severer and younger-age trend;girls exhibit a higher prevalence of poor visual acuity than boys,and urban children and adolescents have a higher prevalence of poor visual acuity than suburban ones;the detection rate of poor visual acuity presents a tendency to decline first and then rise with the increasing age;moreover,children and adolescents with poor visual acuity have a lower rate of spectacles use,and some children and adolescents′corrected visual acuity remains unqualified after spectacles use.In future it is necessary to intensify the prevention and control and scientific research of myopia and actively look for feasible and potent measures for myopia prevention and control.