添加外源有机物料和黏土矿物对菠菜生长及土壤理化性质的影响

Amending Soil with Organic Materials and Clay Minerals to Improve Its Physicochemical Properties and Spinach Growth

【目的】快速提高粗质地贫瘠土壤的有机质量,增强其在土壤中的稳定性,提升与维持土壤肥力。【方法】选择菠菜作为供试作物,试验设8个处理,包括对照(H0)、木本泥炭(HW)、生物炭(HB)、褐煤(HC)、腐植酸(HH)、木本泥炭+膨润土(HWb)、木本泥炭+伊利石(HWa)和木本泥炭+高岭石(HWg)。探究在粗质地黄绵土中添加不同外源有机物料和黏土矿物对植物生长和土壤理化性质的影响。【结果】与H0处理相比,单施外源有机物料的HW、HB、HC处理和HH处理对菠菜生长、产量和土壤理化性质有改善作用,HB处理收获期菠菜净光合速率、株高、叶面积和产量分别显著提高了21.5%、23.5%、69.5%和70.9%,收获期土壤有机质量和全氮量分别显著增加了236.2%和20.7%;HH处理收获期土壤pH值显著降低了16.8%,菠菜产量仅提高4.7%。与HW处理相比,添加黏土矿物的HWb、HWa、HWg处理菠菜产量分别提高了22.7%、9.0%、9.0%,土壤有机质量分别增加了33.5%、2.4%和27.0%。【结论】在单施有机物料的处理中,添加生物炭对粗质地土壤培肥效果最好;在添加黏土矿物的处理中,木本泥炭添施2∶1型胀缩性黏土矿物膨润土对菠菜的生长具有良好促进作用,并且可显著提高粗质地土壤肥力水平,稳定土壤碳库,具有一定的应用推广价值。

【Objective】Increasing and stabilizing carbon in coarse-textured soils is important to improve their stability and fertility. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how soil amendment with organic materials and clay minerals can achieve these goals. 【Method】We took spinach as a model crop, and compared eight treatments by amending the soil with woody peat(HW), biochar(HB), lignite(HC), humic acid(HH), woody peat + bentonite(HWb), woody peat + illite(HWa) and woody peat + kaolinite(HWg), respectively. Not amending the soil was taken as the control(H0). In each treatment, we measured crop growth as well as the changes in soil physical and chemical properties. 【Result】 Compared with H0, HW, HB, HC and HH improved the growth and yield of the spinach, as well as physical and chemical properties of the soil. In particular, HB increased the net photosynthetic rate, plant height and leaf of the spinach during the harvest period by 21.5%, 23.5%, 69.5% and 70.9%, respectively, and soil organic matter and total nitrogen content by 236.2% and 20.7%, respectively, compared to H0. In comparison, HH reduced soil pH by 16.8% and increased crop yield by 4.7% during the harvest period, compared to H0. Combined with clay mineral amendment, HWb, HWa and HWg increased crop yield by 22.7%, 9.0%, and 9.0%, respectively,and soil organic matter by 33.5%, 2.4%, and 27.0%, respectively, compared with HW without clay mineral amendment. 【Conclusion】Amending the soil with organic materials alone, biochar was most effective in improving soil fertility and crop yield. For combined amendment with organic materials and clay minerals, amending the soil with woody peat and swelling and shrinking clay mineral bentonite at 2:1 ratio worked best for boosting crop growth while in the meantime improving soil fertility.