江淮地区不同灌溉与种植方式对水稻产量及水分利用效率的影响

The Effects of Different Combinations of Irrigation and Planting Method on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Rice in Jianghuai Region

【目的】研究不同灌溉与种植方式对水稻产量及水分利用效率的影响,提出适宜江淮地区的水稻灌溉和种植方式。【方法】于2018—2019年开展了为期2 a的田间试验,试验设置4个处理:传统淹灌+移栽(FI+PTR)、传统淹灌+直播(FI+DSR)、间歇灌溉+移栽(II+PTR)、间歇灌溉+直播(II+DSR),研究不同灌溉与种植方式对水稻产量及其构成因素、需水量、水分利用效率的影响。【结果】与传统淹灌相比,间歇灌溉下水稻产量无显著变化,但需水量减少了8.16%~9.84%,水分生产率提高了10.68%~14.73%。直播水稻相比移栽水稻的产量下降了5.33%~10.46%,需水量增加了7.32%~8.00%,水分生产率下降了12.36%~23.14%。与移栽水稻相比,直播水稻的有效穗数有所增加,而穗粒数、千粒质量、结实率均有所下降。间歇灌溉下,直播水稻(II+DSR)较移栽水稻的产量下降了5.99%~12.59%,需水量增加了7.21%~7.63%,水分生产率下降了12.55%~24.79%。直播水稻需水量的增加主要是由于苗期需水量的增加所致,而分蘖期需水量与移栽水稻并无显著差异,且拔节后的需水量显著下降。【结论】间歇灌溉+移栽水稻(II+PTR)在稳定水稻产量的同时,可减少其需水量、提高水分生产率,是一种适宜江淮地区稻田高产稳产且水分高效利用的水稻生产模式。而对于直播水稻,应进一步采取适宜的生产技术以减少其苗期耗水以提高其水分利用效率。

【Objective】Yield and water use difference of crop depend on many agronomic practices and environmental constraints. Taking rice as an example, this paper elucidates how planting pattern and irrigation combine to affect water use efficiency and yield in the region of Jianghuai in southeast China. 【Method】The experiment was conducted from 2018 to 2019 in a field. It consisted of four treatments: traditional flooding irrigation +puddled transplant(FI+PTR), traditional flooding irrigation+direct drill(FI+DSR), intermittent irrigation+puddled transplant(II+PTR), intermittent irrigation+direct drill(II+DSR). In each treatment, we measured yield components,water consumption and water use efficiency of the rice. 【Result】Compared with flooding irrigation, intermittent irrigation did not resulted in significant change in rice yield, but reduced the evapotranspiration(ET) by 8.16%~9.84%, and increased water productivity by 10.68%~14.73%, depending on planting methods. Compared with PTR, DSR reduced rice yield by 5.33%~10.46% and water productivity by 12.36%~23.14%, while increasing ET by 7.32%~8.00%. Compared with PTR, DSR increased the effective panicle numbers, while reducing the number of grains per panicle, 1 000-grain weight, and seed setting rate, all at significant levels. Compared with II+PTR,II+DSR reduced rice yield by 5.99%~12.59% and water productivity by 12.55%~24.79%, while increasing ET by 7.21%~7.63%. The increased ET in the direct drill treatment was mainly due to its increase at the seedling stage,after which there was no significant difference in ET between the treatments. 【Conclusion】Intermittent irrigation +transplant is optimal for rice production in the studied region;it not only increased grain yield and water productivity but also reduced evapotranspiration.