《世俘》与武王献俘盟誓典礼

Shifu and the War Prisoner Offering and Aligning Oath Ceremony Held by King Wu of the Western Zhou

《世俘》记载了武王伐纣胜利后举行的献俘礼,其中四月庚戌日武王献酋、献人、献馘的献俘仪注,与小盂鼎记载的献俘仪注一一对应。从辛亥日到乙卯日一连五天,武王在继续献俘的同时,一方面“告天宗上帝”,一方面“语治庶国”,前者是献俘礼中的告成仪注,后者是献俘礼中的饮至仪注。乙卯日武王接着告成饮至仪节,进行“以庶国祀馘于周庙”、“庶国乃竟,告于周庙”、“以斩纣身告于天子【于】稷”、“用小牲羊犬豕于百神水土”、“于誓社”等典礼活动。由“誓”、“告”等字词,以及祭祀对象祖、天、稷、社、水、土、百神看,这是武王率领诸侯在上下庶神面前的盟誓仪节。盟誓的举行,标志着武王与天神的新宗教关系的建立,标志着武王与诸侯的新政治关系的建立,一个新王朝的统治从此正式开始。

Shifu(《世俘》)is a section from Yizhoushu(《逸周书》).It records the war prisoner offering ceremony held by King Wu(周武王)after his overthrow of the Shang dynasty.Some details in this section have been confirmed by the inscription on Xiaoyuding(小盂鼎).Through a close examination of the ceremony procedures,wording,and context,this paper points out that this lasting ceremony is not only for war prisoner offering,but also for building up an alliance with the subjects of the newly established Zhou dynasty.