广州市白云区居民健康教育需求影响因素分析

Analysis of Influencing Factors of Health Education Demand in Baiyun District, Guangzhou

目的:了解广州市白云区居民的健康教育需求,分析其影响因素,为指导健康教育工作提供科学精准依据。方法:采取分层多阶段随机抽样方法,抽取广州市白云区疾病预防控制中心辖区563名居民开展在线问卷调查,通过描述统计和建立logistic回归模型分析影响居民健康教育需求的因素。结果:性别、职业、医疗保险、社区建档是居民参与健康教育意愿的影响因素;吸烟、饮酒、超重和肥胖4种健康危险因素发生率存在男女性别差异,且差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为151.244、53.244、13.005、6.591,P值均<0.05);饮酒、超重和运动不足3种健康危险因素发生率在年龄组分布中差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为9.271、29.472、111.622,P值均<0.05);慢性病防治(59.3%)、合理膳食(52.9%)、传染病防治(49.0%)是居民比较热衷的健康话题;手机微信与微博(62.17%)、健康讲座(61.1%)、健康咨询(47.6%)则是居民喜欢的获取健康知识的传播渠道。结论:应增强居民的自我保健意识,根据不同目标人群的健康危险因素及健康需求采取不同方式,有针对性地开展健康教育。

OBJECTIVETo understand the health education needs of residents in Baiyun District, Guangzhou, to explore the influencing factors, and to provide scientific and accurate basis for guiding health education. METHODS By adopting stratified multi-stage random sampling method, 563 residents were selected to conduct online questionnaire survey and analyze the factors affecting resident’ health education needs by describing statistics and establishing logistic regression model. RESULTS Gender, occupation, medical insurance and community filing were the factors affecting residents’ willingness to participate in health education.There were gender differences in the incidence of four health risk factors: smoking, alcohol consumption, overweight and obesity, and the difference was significant( χ^(2)=151.244, 53.244, 13.005, 6.591, P<0.05). The incidence of three health risk factors for drinking,overweight and underexercise were different in the age group distribution( χ^(2)=9.271, 29.472, 111.622, P<0.05). Prevention and treatment of chronic diseases(59.3%), reasonable diet(52.9%), and prevention and treatment of infectious diseases(49.0%) were the most popular health topics of residents. Mobile wechat, Weibo(62.17%), health lectures(61.1%) and health consultation(47.6%)were the main communication channels that residents like. CONCLUSION Residents should enhance their self-health awareness and develop targeted health education according to the health risk factors and health needs of different target groups.