2020—2021年兰州新区学生常见病指标排序及分析

Ranking and Analysis of Common Disease Indicators of Students in Lanzhou New Area from 2020 to 2021

目的:了解甘肃省兰州新区学生常见病流行趋势及指标排序,为主管部门精准制定学生健康干预措施提供科学依据。方法:依据2020—2021年兰州新区学生常见病监测结果,对数据进行描述性流行病学分析。结果:2020—2021年兰州新区学生常见病检出率由高到低依次为龋患(补、失)率(66.0%)、近视率(56.9%)、超重率(9.1%)、营养不良率(3.8%)和脊柱异常率(1.7%)。2021年较2020年,龋患(补、失)检出人数同比增长4.6%,近视检出人数同比增长3.1%,超重检出人数同比增长18.0%,营养不良检出人数同比下降24.6%,脊柱异常检出人数同比下降15.1%。除脊柱异常率外,2020年和2021年兰州新区学生龋患(补、失)率、近视率、超重率、营养不良率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)值分别为10.247、4.109、4.788和4.036,P值均<0.05)。结论:2020—2021年兰州新区学生龋患(补、失)和近视检出率较高,是学生存在的主要健康问题,应作为重点监测指标进行干预,确保降低学生龋患(补、失)和近视发病率,促进学生健康成长。

OBJECTIVETo understand the epidemic trend and index ranking of common diseases among students in Lanzhou New district, Gansu province, and to provide scientific basis for competent departments to accurately formulate student health intervention measures. METHODS Based on the monitoring results of common diseases of students in Lanzhou New Area, a descriptive epidemiological analysis of the data was conducted from 2020 to 2021. RESULTS The ranking of the indicators of common diseases among students: caries(loss and supplement) rate(66.0%), myopia rate(56.9%), overweight rate(9.1%), malnutrition rate(3.8%), abnormal spine rate(1.7%). In 2021, compared with 2020, the number of caries(loss or compensation) increased by 4.6%, myopia increased by 3.1%, overweight increased by 18.0%, malnutrition decreased by 24.6% and spinal abnormalities decreased by 15.1%.Except for the abnormal rate of spine, there was significant difference in the rate of other indexes(χ^(2)=10.247, 4.109, 4.788, 4.036,P<0.05). CONCLUSION The detection rate of dental caries(supplement, loss) and myopia in Lanzhou new district is very high,which is a major health problem.It should be intervened as a key monitoring index to ensure the reduction of incidence rate and promote the healthy growth of students.