中共华北抗日根据地工会角色与乡村社会变动

The Role of Trade Unions in the Anti-Japanese Base Areas of the Communist Party of China and the Change of Rural Society

中共中央抵陕后,华北抗日根据地工会是抗战与生产的关键,兼有接续阶级革命与维系乡村秩序的双重使命。出于战时动员目的,中共亟需隐晦阶级观念,引领村庄日常劳作,确保全员参与抗战生产。随着自上而下政权体系建立,增资运动作为配套的动员形式,巧妙地平衡了各阶级博弈,持续建成了趋向合理的再生产机制。公营工厂“三三制”实践了组织、教育与维权相结合,解决了中共革命的基本矛盾,提升了乡村动员的深度和广度。抗日根据地工会角色由当时的历史环境造成,其实质在于完成人与生产力的解放。在各方犬牙交错的时空里,既要放手发动革命,更要确立社会秩序。这种特质源自于中共革命的理论内核,也折射出革命与乡村互动不可避免地走向“有序革命”。

After the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China arrived in Shaanxi,the trade unions in the anti-Japanese base areas played the key role in the Anti-Japanese War and the wartime production.It had the dual mission of continuing the class revolution and maintaining rural order.For the purpose of wartime mobilization,the Communist Party of China needed to obscure the class idea,guide the daily work of villages and ensure that all staff members participate in the wartime production.With the establishment of the top-down regime system,the capital increase movement,as a supporting form of mobilization,skillfully balanced the game of various classes and managed to build a reasonable reproduction mechanism.The“three-thirds system”of public factories had combined organization,education and rights protection,solved the basic contradictions of the CPC revolution,and lifted the depth and breadth of rural mobilization.The role of trade unions in the anti-Japanese base areas was made by the historical environment at the time,and its essence was to complete the liberation of people and productive forces.In the time and space where all parties were intertwined,we should not only launch a revolution,but also establish social order.This characteristic originated from the theoretical core of the CPC revolution,and reflects that the interaction between revolution and rural areas would inevitably move towards“orderly revolution”.