加入《全面与进步跨太平洋伙伴关系协定》对中国石油企业的影响及建议——与《区域全面经济伙伴关系协定》对比分析

Influence of joining CPTPP on China petroleum enterprises and related suggestions——The comparative analysis with the RCEP agreement

中国已经正式申请加入《全面与进步跨太平洋伙伴关系协定》(CPTPP)。与中国已经签署的《区域全面经济伙伴关系协定》(RCEP)相比,加入CPTPP对中国石油企业贸易、服务、装备业务以及国有企业发展,将产生不同程度影响。CPTPP具有较RCEP更快的降税速度和更高的关税优惠水平,将加剧中国炼化企业市场竞争;原产地规则无过渡期设置以及更为灵活的累积计算方法利好中国石油企业装备出口,享受更多关税减免。CPTPP在服务贸易领域采取“负面清单”模式,中国在提高工程技术服务领域开放水平的同时,对其保护力度势必也将降低。“国有企业规则”相关条款将中国国有企业预设为极有可能损害市场竞争环境的主体,使中方企业正常的经营投资活动面临更多约束和挑战。建议中国石油企业着力提升下游和工程技术服务领域的核心竞争力,充分利用CPTPP贸易便利化措施和原产地规则优惠条款扩大油品和装备出口规模;在加入CPTPP谈判时最大限度争取对中方有利的国有企业规则,进一步健全完善企业信息披露制度。

Recently,China’s Ministry of Commerce submitted a letter to New Zealand that carries China’s formal application for accession to the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP).Compared with the RCEP agreement signed by China,joining CPTPP will have varying degrees of impact on the trade,services,and equipment business of China’s petroleum enterprises and development of state-owned enterprises in China.CPTPP agreement has faster tax reduction and higher tariff preference level than RCEP and would further intensifying the market competition of domestic refining and chemical enterprises.At the same time,there is no transition period but a more flexible cumulative calculation method in the rules of origin,which is conducive to the equipment export of China petroleum enterprises to enjoy more tariff relief as soon as possible.The CPTPP agreement adopts the “negative list” in the service trade.With the increase in the level of openness of engineering technology services in China,their protection will inevitably be reduced.The relevant provisions of the “state-owned enterprise and designated monopolies” presuppose state-owned enterprises in China as entities that are likely to damage the market competition environment,leaving more constraints and challenges to the normal operation and investment activities of enterprises in China.The paper proposes to enhance the core competitiveness of downstream and engineering technology services of petroleum enterprises in China,make full use of CPTPP trade facilitation measures and preferential provisions of rules of origin to expand the scale of petroleum products and equipment exportation.During the negotiation of joining the CPTPP agreement,China should strive for the most favorable state-owned enterprise rules and further improve the information disclosure system of China state-owned enterprises.