“双碳”背景下中国天然气调峰措施及建议

Measures and suggestions for natural gas peak regulation in China under the “dual carbon” target

目前中国天然气消费市场处于“冬季高、夏季少”的局面,冬季的用气量增速远远高于非采暖季,致使天然气消费量变化呈明显的“U”字型特征,未来天然气消费峰谷更为明显,面临的峰谷差问题愈加严峻,调峰需求越来越大。天然气消费领域的用气特性是出现峰谷波动性的自然因素之一,月度消费量峰谷比差异化明显,日用气量受气温因素影响较为明显。提出在需求侧推行电峰气补、气电一体化发展措施,采暖季多样化用能措施和热电联产的电-热分离技术推广应用等措施平抑峰谷差。在调峰储备方面,明确上下游之间的调峰用气安排,区分战略储备、调峰气量和应急气量的所属关系。在需求侧管理方面,通过错峰管理合理安排用户投产计划,适度的差异化用能选择实现需求侧保障。积极落实天然气资源规模以及合理部署基础设施,逐步推行天然气价格市场化,逐步放开非居民及峰谷气价。

China natural gas consumption market is in a situation of high in winter and less in summer.The growth rate of natural gas consumption in winter is much higher than that in the non-heating season,resulting in the obvious “U” characteristics of natural gas consumption changes.In the future,the peak-valley difference of natural gas consumption will be more obvious,leading to more serious problem and more demand for peak-shaving.The gas consumption characteristic is one of the natural factors for the peak-valley fluctuation.The peak-to-valley ratio of monthly consumption is obviously differentiated and the daily gas consumption volume is mainly affected by temperature.It is proposed to implement the integrated development measures including natural gas supplement for power peak,gas and electricity integration,diversified utilization of energy in the heating season,and application of electric-thermal separation technology to suppress the peak-valley difference.In terms of peak-shaving and reserve,the arrangement of peak and gas regulation between upstream and downstream should be clarified,and the relationship between strategic reserve,peak gas regulation and emergency gas volume should be distinguished.The demand side can be guaranteed by arranging users into production at off-peak time and selecting moderate and differentiated energy choices.It is suggested to implement the scale of natural gas resources actively and deploy infrastructure reasonably,promote the marketization of natural gas prices gradually,and lift the control over non-residential gas prices and peak-valley gas prices.