中东地区能源转型进展浅析

Analysis on the progress of energy transformation in the Middle East

2021年中东地区部分国家局势动荡,整体局势可控;地区经济整体复苏,各国经济发展存在差异;地区国家顺应世界能源转型趋势,调整对外合作政策。中东地区国家的经济发展仍需依靠化石能源行业,新能源开发还未列入各国的投资重点。中东地区14个国家均已于2016年签署《巴黎协定》,截至2021年底,除伊朗和也门外,这一协定在其他国家均获得批准。但仅阿联酋、沙特阿拉伯和巴林计划分别于2050年和2060年实现净零碳排放目标。目前,和世界其他地区相比,中东地区的能源转型尚处于起步阶段。主要油气资源国沙特阿拉伯、阿联酋和卡塔尔等,在发展油气业务的同时,加快推进能源转型,在碳捕获利用和封存(CCUS)、氢能等方面都获得一些进展。同时,国际大石油公司积极开展与地区资源国的绿色低碳合作。该地区的激励措施不足、缺乏碳税制度、化石能源补贴较高等影响能源转型的因素不容忽视。

In 2021,some countries in the Middle East remained unstable and the overall situation was under control.The regional economy was recovering as a whole and countries differed in their economic development.In response to the trend of global energy transition,countries in the region adjusted their foreign cooperation policies.The economic development of the countries in the region still depends on the fossil energy industry and the development of new energy has not been included in the investment priorities of most of the countries in the Middle East.All 14 countries in the Middle East signed the Paris Agreement in 2016,and all but Iran and Yemen had ratified it by the end of 2021.Only the United Arab Emirates,Saudi Arabia,and Bahrain plan to achieve net zero carbon emissions by 2050 and 2060 respectively.At present,the energy transition in the Middle East was still in its infancy comparing with the other regions in the world.Such major oil and gas resource countries as Saudi Arabia,the United Arab Emirates,and Qatar,have accelerated their energy transition while developing their oil and gas business,and have made some progress in carbon capture,utilization and storage (CCUS) and hydrogen energy.At the same time,major international oil companies actively carry out green and low-carbon cooperation with regional resource countries.However,the lack of incentive measures & carbon tax system and relatively high fossil energy subsidies in the region cannot be ignored.