延安时期民族情况调查与党的民族政策制定--以陕甘宁边区为中心

The Investigation of Ethnic Situation in Yan'an Period and the Formulation of Party's Policy Toward Ethnic Minorities:Centered on the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region

延安时期,在党的社会调查理论逐渐成熟和调查机构日渐完善的基础上,党中央对少数民族,尤其是陕甘宁边区内回族、蒙古族等民族情况开展了系列调查活动,形成诸多调查报告。通过民族情况调查,不仅揭露了日寇“以蒙治蒙”“以回治回”的阴谋,而且使党中央清楚了少数民族的发展状况,尤其是边区内回族、蒙古族等民族经济社会发展中存在的问题,找到了民族工作的根本所在。党中央依据调查中发现的问题给予少数民族在当家作主、宗教信仰、经济发展、生活水平提高、抗日武装壮大等方面的大力支持,最大限度地巩固了抗日民族统一战线,为抗战胜利奠定了坚实的基础。

During the Yan’an period,based on the maturity of the Party’s social survey theory and the improvement of survey institutions,the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China(CPC)conducted a series of surveys on the situation of ethnic minorities,especially the Hui and Mongolians in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region and produced many survey reports.Through the investigation of the situation of ethnic minorities,not only did it expose the Japanese invaders’ conspiracy of“ruling Mongolia with Mongolia”and“uling Hui with Hui”,but also enabled the Party’s Central Committee to understand the development of ethnic minorities,especially the problems in the economic and social development of Hui and Mongolian ethnic groups in the border region and therefore found the root of ethnic work. Based on the problems found in the investigation,the Party’s Central Committee gave strong support to the ethnic minorities in terms of being the masters of their own families,religious beliefs,economic development,improvement of living standards,and strengthening of the anti-Japanese armed forces,thus consolidating the anti-Japanese national united front to the greatest extent possible and laying a solid foundation for the victory of the war.